t 


4i  AND  THE-K- 

ITTLE-FIELDS. 


• c. 


GUIDE 


RICHMOND 

- --^AND  THE  -= 

BATTLE-FIELDS. 

BY  W.  D.  CHESTERMAN. 


I 

I 

7 


RICHMOND  : 

J.  L.  Hill  Printing  Company. 
1891. 


«08T0« 


r-'.-PSlLB' 


That  this  growing  city  [RichmoncT]  may  enjoy  the  benefits 
which  are  to  be  derived  from  liberty^  indepe7idence^  a7id 
peace — that  it  fnay  hnprove  such  of  the  advantages  as  boimti- 
ful  naticre  has  bestowed^  a7id  that  it  niay  soo7i  be  ranked 
among  the  first  m the  U7iion  for  populatio7i^  co7}i77terce^  a7id 
wealthy  is  7ny  sincere  and  fervent  wish, 

GEORGE  WASHING  TON. 

\_Resp07ise  to  the  address  of  the  Com7no7i  Hall  upon  his 
visit  here  in  Novefnber^  1784-^ 


■JO 


ot}2 


[Copyrighted  by  W.  D.  Ciiesterman.] 


INTRODUCTORY. 


^fglCHMOND  “hath  a pleasant  seat,”  said  Daniel  Web- 
ster, who  saw  it  “beneath  an  October  sun,”  and 
who  wrote  of  it  after  delivering  here  one  of  his  great 
orations.  He  was  right.  The  city  is  midway  between 
the  Blue  Ridge  mountains  and  the  sea ; on  a succes- 
sion of  hills,  with  rich  lowlands  in  the  distance,  and  at  a point 
where  the  James  river  breaks  over  the  rocks  at  “the  falls” 
and  joins  the  tidal  waters  of  the  harbor.  The  landscape  in 
lines  and  colors  blends  the  grace  and  softness  of  the  low 
country  with  the  majesty  and  vigor  of  the  highlands. 

Blessed  with  pure  air  and  good  drainage,  healthy,  bright 
looking,  easily  accessible  from  every  point  of  the  compass, 
prosperous  and  growing,  it  is  no  less  rich  in  promise  than  in 
precious  memories  of  the  past. 

If  the  visitor  to  Richmond  be  of  antiquarian  taste,  he  may 
stand  on  the  spot  where  rose  the  lodge  of  Powhatan,  father 
of  Pocahontas,  and  ruler  of  the  Indian  tribes  of  Eastern  Vir- 
ginia. At  fancy’s  call  he  may  people  the  shore  with  Captain 
John  Smith,  Christopher  Newport,  and  their  associate  pio- 
neers who  set  foot  on  this  soil  in  1607,  the  year  of  the  land- 
ing at  Jamestown,  and  thirteen  years  before  the  arrival  of  the 
Pilgrim  Fathers  at  Plymouth.  He  may  saunter  into  the  old 
church  which  rang  to  Patrick  Henry’s  appeal  for  “liberty  or 
death  ” and  recall  one  of  the  most  animating  scenes  in  Ameri- 
can history.  He  may  walk  the  streets  and  roads  beaten  by  the 
feet  of  Benedict  Arnold’s  troops,  v/hen  they  devastated  the 
country  and  burnt  Richmond,  which  same  thoroughfares  later 


1 


4 GUIDE  TO  RICHMOND,  &c. 

on  echoed  the  tread  of  Washington ’sand  Lafayette’s  soldiers 
in  the  movements  which  prefaced  the  surrender  at  Yorktown  ; 
while  of  Confederate  memorials  and  associations  every  street 
has  its  share— every  field  was  a camp  a quarter  of  a century 
ago,  when 

“ The  long  streets  trembled  with  the  tramp  of  men 
And  rang  with  shouting  and  martial  strains, 

And  up  the  glaring  river  came  the  boom 
Of  mighty  guns  that  held  a fleet  at  bay.” 

Here  in  Richmond  is  ‘^The  White  House  of  the  Confede- 
racy,” looking  almost  exactly  as  it  did  when  it  was  the  Pres- 
idential residence  of  Mr.  Davis.  The  Capitol  of  the  State, 
in  which  the  Confederate  Congress  sat,  with  doors  open  wide, 
invites  the  stranger  to  visit  every  room,  and  there  is  not  a 
room  without  a history. 

From  the  platform  on  the  Capitol  roof  a complete  view  of 
Richmond  and  the  city  of  Manchester,  opposite,  may  be  had, 
including  the  highlands  (up  the  river) ; the  fells,  the  islands, 
Hollywood  cemetery,  the  six  bridges  which  span  the  James, 
the  ships  in  the  harbor,  and  “the  fertile  fields  and  silent 
pines  ’ ’ on  the  opposite  shore,  with  the  river  threading  its  way 
eastward  until  lost  to  sight  behind  the  battle-crowned  heights 
at  Dre wry’s  Bluff;  and  in  the  distance  the  battle-fields  of 
Fair  Oaks  (Seven  Pines),  Mechanicsville,  &c.,  &c. 

Those  who  take  interest  in  art  matters,  especially,  and  per- 
sons of  observation  and  culture,  generally,  will  be  delighted 
with  the  Washington  monument — the  grandest  group  of 
bronze  statuary,  certainly  in  this  country,  and  many  declare 
in  the  world.  The  equestrian  statue  of  General  R.  E.  Lee, 
by  Mercie,  is  a fine  bronze  set  upon  an  elegant  pedestal 
of  granite.  Houdon’s  statue,  made  from  casts  “taken 
from  Washington’s  own  person,”  is  to  be  seen  in  the  Capitol. 
Foley’s  bronze  statue  of  Stonewall  Jackson  is  one  of  the  last 
and  best  works  of  that  great  sculptor.  Hart’s  marble  figure 
of  Henry  Clay  is  a faithful  representation  of  that  tribune  of 
the  people. 


6 


GUIDE  TO  RICHMOND,  &c 

At  Valentine’s  studio  are  the  plaster  cast  of  the  recumben 
figure  of  Lee ; his  great  classical  group,  Andromache,  and 
many  other  models  by  this  well-known  Virginia  sculptor; 
and  in  the  Senate  Chamber  is  a great  battle  painting  by 
Lami : The  Storming  of  a Redoubt  at  Yorktown. 

Two  Presidents  (Monroe  and  Tyler)  are  buried  at  Holly- 
wood. John  Marshall,  the  most  distinguished  of  the  Chief- 
Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States,  lies  by 
his  wife  in  Shockoe  cemetery. 

Joaquin  Miller’s  Visit  to  Richmond.— Joaquin  Miller,  who 
was  in  Richmond  a few  years  ago,  wrote  a letter  describing 
the  place  as  follows  : 

‘‘A  wide-built  city  of  brick  on  seven  hills,  hovering  above 
the  plunging  James  river,  with  many  little  islands — brisk 
streets,  very  clean,  wide,  and  orderly,  and  so  densely  wooded 
as  almost  to  conceal  the  three-story  houses.  A busy  com- 
mercial and  manufacturing  city ; beyond  the  river,  with 
several  bridges,  a rolling,  English-down  looking  country  of 
vast  reach  and  fertility ; factories  on  the  intervening  islands 
and  river  banks,  roaring  with  progress,  sending  up  a smoke 
that  hovers  over  the  tawny,  rushing  river  like  the  smoke  of 
a mighty  battle.  One  is  surprised  at  the  order  and  the 
industry  here.  ' 

“Churches  are  notably  numerous;  school-houses — among 
which  the  residence  of  Jefferson  Davis  is  conspicuous,  both 
from  its  modest  elegance  and  old  associations — are  also  to 
be  seen  on  every  hand  throughout  this  industrial  town.  ' 

“A  vestige  of  the  war,  material,  moral,  or  otherwise,  is 
not  discoverable  to  the  stranger.  Old  Libby  prison  (since 
removed  to  Chicago),  down  by  the  river  bank,  looks  no 
more  like  a prison  than  the  dozen  other  big  tobacco  houses, 
all  with  iron-grated  windows.  It  is  no  longer  a tobacco 
warehouse,  however,  but  a monstrous,  groaning,  roaring 
mill,  where  bark,  bones,  stones,  and  all  sorts  of  things  are 
ground  up  for  fertilizing  the  soil.  But  it  brings  up  strange 


GUIDE  TO  RICHMOND,  &c. 


7 


fancies— this  groaning,  grinding,  and  gnashing  in  there,  and 
then  the  dense,  black,  Vesuvian  smoke  that  pours  incessantly 
out  of  the  top  and  hangs  forever  over  it. 

“The  city  is  building  fast;  buildings  are  booming  ahead, 
just  like  New  York,  Boston,  London,  Paris,  improving  in  all 
respects  just  like  these  and  other  great  cities.  You  are  liable 
to  get  mortar  on  you  almost  anywhere,  but  the  march  of 
improvement  is  mainly  towards  the  west” 


Richmond  and  Manchester,  1890, 


[C!omparison  of  1880  and  1890.] 

Population  Richmond,  Manchester, 

and  suburbs  of  both 105,000 

Increase  in  10  years,  30,300 

Property  of  the  two  cities  assessed 

for  taxation,  1890 |60,000,000 

Increase $33,334,000 

Number  of  manufactories,  1890  . . 774 

Increase 209 

Sales  of  manufactured  products, 

1890  $33,088,900 

Increase $9,602,260 

Number  of  hands  employed  in  man- 
ufactures, 1890  . 21,453 

Increase 7,260 

Capital  in  manufactures,  1890  . . . $13,929,745 

Increase $7,106,843 

Jobbers’  sales,  1890  $31,500,000 

Increase $14,500,000 

Length  of  street  car  routes,  1890 
(much  of  them  double  track), 

miles, 32J 

Increase 24J 

Public  school  enrollment,  1890  (not 
including  3,500  pupils  in  other 
schools,  seminaries,  and  colleges),  11,749 

Increase 5,838 


GUIDE  TO  RICHMOND,  &c. 


9 


Bank  clearings,  1890  |93,500,000 

Increase $48,500,000 

Number  of  new  buildings  erected, 

1890  700 

Increase 447 

Richmond  is  built  on  high  hills,  on  the  north  bank  of  the 
James  river,  127  miles  from  the  ocean  as  a vessel  sails.  Tides 
rise  to  the  city,  making  the  greatest  indentation  of  the  sea  on 
the  Atlantic  coast,  and  steamships  ply  between  our  port  and 
New  York  and  Philadelphia,  giving  to  the  community  many 
of  the  advantages  of  a seaport.  The  railroads  coming  to 
Richmond  are  (in  alphabetical  order)  as  follows : 

Chesapeake  and  Ohio — Richmond  Division. 

Chesapeake  and  Ohio — Peninsula  Division. 

Chesapeake  and  Ohio — James  River  Division  (R.  and  A. 
R.  R.). 

Richmond  and  Danville. 

Richmond,  Fredericksburg  and  Potomac. 

Richmond  and  York  River — Division  of  Richmond  and 
Danville. 

Richmond  and  Petersburg. 

The  Farmville  and  Powhatan  railroad,  which  extends  from 
Bermuda  Hundred  to  Farmville  (a  distance  of  91  miles),  en- 
ters the  city  over  the  tracks  of  the  Richmond  and  Danville. 

The  Norfolk  and  Western,  which  extends  from  Norfolk  to 
Bristol  and  further  western  points  (with  a mileage  of  964), 
enters  the  city  from  Petersburg  upon  the  track  of  the  Rich- 
mond and  Petersburg  Railroad,  but  contemplates  having  a 
route  of  its  own. 

Richmond,  Fredericksburg  and  Potomac  Railroad 
Company,  between  Richmond  and  Quantico  (82  miles),  con- 
necting at  the  latter  point  with  the  Pennsylvania  railroad  sys- 
tem for  the  transportation  of  passengers  and  freight  to  and 
from  points  North,  East,  and  West . 


10 


GUIDE  TO  RICHMOND,  &c. 


This  line  is  an  important  link  in  the  fast  mail  and  passenger 
route  between  New  York  and  Florida  and  the  West  Indies. 
Its  physical  condition,  equipment,  and  appointments  of  every 
character  are  kept  up  to  the  highest  standard.  The  New 
York  and  Florida  special  vestibule  train,  heated  by  steam 
and  lighted  by  electricity,  one  of  the  most  perfectly  ap- 
pointed and  superbly  equipped  trains  in  the  world,  runs  over 
this  road. 

By  fast  schedules  the  fruit  and  vegetable  products  of  the 
South  are  being  sent  to  Northern  markets  over  this  route,  in 
improved  cars,  which  return  loaded  with  machinery,  grain, 
and  general  merchandise.  This  constantly  increasing  volume 
of  traffic  is  stimulated  and  encouraged  by  increased  facilities 
of  transportation,  and  in  the  commerce  of  Richmond  it  is  a 
most  important  factor. 

Three  through  trains  in  each  direction  run  daily  between 
Richmond  and  Washington,  Baltimore,  Philadelphia,  and 
New  York,  carrying  passenger,  mail,  and  express,  in  addi- 
tion to  the  special  trains  of  Pullman  cars,  which  are  run  as 
the  exigencies  of  Southern  travel  demand.  Fast  freight 
trains  run  daily  to  and  from  commercial  centres  of  the  coun- 
try, east  and  west.  There  are  local  trains  for  the  accommo- 
dation of  suburban  travel  between  Richmond  and  Ashland, 
and  commutation  rates  are  regulated  to  encourage  this 
feature.  The  beautiful  and  thriving  town  last  named  bears 
evidence  of  the  success  of  this  liberal  policy. 

The  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Railway  Company  own 
and  operate  over  1,000  miles  of  road,  extending  from 
Fortress  Monroe  (Old  Point),  on  an  inlet  of  the  Atlantic 
ocean,  to  Newport  News,  the  seaport  of  the  system,  eight 
miles  from  Fortress  Monroe,  whence  steamers  run  to  Norfolk 
and  Portsmouth  and  the  fine  Old  Dominion  steamships  to 
New  York.  From  this  port  the  route  proceeds  up  the  Vir- 
ginia peninsula,  through  the  city  of  Williamsburg,  near  to 
Yorktown  and  Jamestowm,  and  along  by  numerous  battle- 


r 

V • 


A VIEW  OF  MAIN  STREET  IN  1865. 

Showing  the  destructiveness  of  the  Evacuation  Fire.  The  building  left  standing  is  the  Post-office. 


12 


GUIDE  TO  RICHMOND,  &c. 

fields  of  the  war  of  1861  and  1865.  At  Richmond  the  main 
stem  goes  towards  the  mountains  via  Gordons ville  and 
Charlottesville.  At  the  latter  city  connections  are  made 
for  Washington,  Baltimore,  Philadelphia,  and  New  York. 
Thence  westward  the  route  is  through  beautiful  mountains 
and  valleys  via  Staunton,  White  Sulphur  Springs,  Charleston, 
W.  Va.,  Huntington,  W.  Va.,  and  down  the  Ohio  to  Cincin- 
nati. At  Cincinnati  it  connects  with  the  Cleveland,  Cincin- 
nati, Chicago,  and  St.  Louis  systems,  and  with  roads  for  all 
parts  of  the  South,  Southwest,  West,  and  Northwest. 

From  Richmond  to  Clifton  Forge  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio 
has  virtually  two  roads — that  is  to  say,  its  main  stem  via  Char- 
lottesville, and  its  James  River  division  (Richmond  and  Alle- 
ghany road),  which  passes  up  the  James  River  Valley  via 
Gladstone,  Lynchburg,  Lexington,  Glasgow,  and  Natural 
Bridge  to  an  intersection  with  the  main  line  at  Clifton  Forge. 

A great  feature  of  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  is  its  Vesti- 
bule Limited — an  entire  train  lighted  with  electricity  and 
heated  with  steam  drawn  from  the  engine,  from  New  York, 
Philadelphia,  Baltimore,  and  Washington  to  Cincinnati  with- 
out change,  with  Pullman  vestibule  sleeping  cars  from  Wash- 
ington to  Louisville  ; from  Old  Point  Comfort  to  Richmond 
and  Cincinnati.  The  F.  F.  V.  Vestibule  Limited  carries  a 
through  dining  car  between  Cincinnati  and  New  York. 

The  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  route  is  through  the  most 
picturesque  regions  of  America,  and  the  F.  F.  V.  Vestibule 
Limited  is  one  of  the  most  complete  vestibule  trains  between 
the  East  and  West.  Excursion  tickets  are  sold  in  season  to 
White  Sulphur  Springs,  the  Warm,  the  Hot  and  Healing 
Springs,  Natural  Bridge,  Old  Sweet,  Red  Sulphur,  Salt  Sul- 
phur Springs,  Old  Point  Comfort,  Virginia  Beach,  and  other 
numerous  resorts. 

The  Richmond  and  Petersburg  Railroad  is  the  initial 
link  in  the  Atlantic  Coast  Line,  which  extends  from  Richmond 
to  Charleston  on  the  south  and  Columbia  on  the  west,  and 


A VIEW  OF  MAIN  STREET  BETWEEN  NINTH  AND  TWELFTH  IN  1890. 


14 


GUIDE  TO  RICHMOND,  &c. 

has  a mileage  of  1,122.  It  is  operated  in  close  connection 
with  the  Savannah,  Florida  and  Western  system,  which  con- 
trols about  1,000  miles  of  railroad  and  drains  a large  part  of 
southern  Georgia  and  Florida. 

The  Richmond  and  West  Point  Terminal  Company 
owns  and  operates  the  Richmond  and  York  River  railroad, 
the  Richmond  and  Danville,  and  the  Virginia  Midland,  and 
roads  in  the  States  of  North  and  South  Carolina,  Georgia, 
Tennessee,  Alabama,  and  Mississippi,  with  an  aggregate 
mileage  of  1^520,  extending  as  far  south  as  Mobile  and  as  far 
west  as  Memphis,  Tenn.,  and  Greenville,  Miss.,  the  whole 
forming  one  of  the  greatest  railroad  systems  of  the  country, 
and  it  has  recently  become  a part  owner  in  the  Baltimore  and 
Ohio  system,  which  latter  has  a mileage  of  3,055 

Belt  Lines. — The  Richmond,  Fredericksburg  and  Potomac 
and  the  Richmond  and  Petersburg  companies  have  just  com- 
pleted a ‘‘belt  line’*  connecting  their  roads  west  of  Rich- 
mond and  Manchester,  and  crossing  the  James  river  upon  a 
beautiful  iron  bridge  located  a short  distance  from  the  New 
Reservoir. 

The  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  has  in  contemplation  the  early 
building  beyond  the  city  limits  of  a belt  line  to  connect  their 
main  line  with  the  James  River  division  and  their  Peninsula 
division. 

Steamer  Lines. — The  following  are  the  regular  steamer 
lines:  The  Old  Dominion  steamships  from  New  York,  stop- 
ping at  Norfolk,  Portsmouth,  and  City  Point,  and  pass- 
ing Fortress  Monroe  (Old  Point),  Newport  News,  James- 
town, Westover,  Harrison’s  Landing,  Bermuda  Hundred, 
Dutch  Gap,  Dre wry’s  Bluff  (Fort  Darling),  and  scores  of 
other  points  of  historic  interest ; James  River  Steamboat 
Company,  to  Newport  News,  Old  Point,  Norfolk,  Ports- 
mouth, and  all  James  river  landings;  the  Clyde  line,  for 
Philadelphia. 


GUIDE  TO  RICHMOND,  &c. 


15 


TIME  AND  DISTANCES. 


Railroads  strike  out  from  the  city  in  every  direction,  and 
the  time-tables  show  the  following  facts : 


TO 

Hrs. 

Miles, 

TO 

Hrs,  Miles, 

Atlanta,  Ga 

20 

549 

Lexington,  Va.  . . 

8 

196 

Augusta,  Ga 

19 

473 

Lexington,  Ky.  . . 

21 

560 

Baltimore,  Md.  . . 

5 

156 

Luray,  Va 

7 

179 

Beaufort,  S.  C.  . . . 

20 

530 

Memphis,  Tenn.  . . 

32 

1,001 

Boston,  Mass.  . . . 

20 

572 

Mobile,  Ala.  .... 

31 

904 

Buffalo,  N.  Y.  . . . 

23 

578 

Montgomery,  Ala,*. 

25 

724 

Charleston,  S.  C.  . . 

14 

457 

New  York 

10 

344 

Charlotte,  N.  C.  . . 

10 

282 

New  Orleans,  La.  . 

36 

1,044 

Chattanooga,  Tenn. 

21 

494 

Nashville,  Tenn.  . . 

26 

647 

Chicago,  111 

30 

880 

Norfolk,  Va 

3 

104 

Cincinnati,  O.  . . . 

20 

580 

Natural  Bridge,  Va. 

8 

196 

Cleveland,  O.  . . . 

22 

645 

Old  Point,  Va.  . . . 

3 

85 

Columbus,  O.  . . . 

21 

566 

Philadelphia,  Pa.  . . 

8 

254 

Columbia,  S.  C.  . . 

15 

388 

Pittsburgh,  Pa.  . . . 

18 

490 

Danville,  Va.  . . . 

5 

141 

Raleigh,  N.  C.  . . . 

8 

181 

Galveston,  Tex.  . . 

61 

1,532 

Savannah,  Ga.  . . . 

16 

558 

Greensboro’,  N.  C.  . 

7 

189 

St.  Louis,  Mo.  . . . 

31 

914 

Indianapolis,  Ind.  . 

24 

691 

St.  Augustine,  Fla.  . 

24 

900 

Jacksonville,  Fla.  . 

21 

859 

Washington,  D.  C.  . 

4 

116 

Knoxville,  Tenn.  . 

17 

382 

Wilmington,  N.  C.  . 

7 

246 

Louisville,  Ky.  . . . 

24 

654 

Weldon,  N.C..  . . 

84 

Lynchburg,  Va.  . . 

6 

147 

The  Street  Railways  of  Richmond  and  Manchester  have 
^been  wonderfully  extended  and  improved  in  the  past  three 
years,  and  along  with  them  have  grown  the  suburbs,  once 
an  insignificant  feature  of  the  city,  now  our  great  pride. 
The  lovely  hills  north  and  west  of  the  city  are  covered  with 
villas,  and  Barton’s  Heights,  Chestnut  Hill,  Highland  Park, 
River  View,  and  Forest  Hill  Park  have  sprung  into  existence 
as  considerable  communities. 

Most  of  these  localities  and  nearly  every  point  of  historical 
interest  are  reached  by  the  street-cars  Tare  five  cents),  of 
which  we  have  the  following  lines : 

1.  Main-street. 

2.  Broad-street. 


16 


GUIDE  TO  RICHMOND,  &c. 

3.  Union  Passenger. 

4.  Marshall-street. 

5.  Manchester  Railway  and  Improvement  Company. 

6.  Richmond  and  Manchester. 

7.  Southside  Land  and  Improvement  Company. 

8.  River  View  Improvement  Company. 

9.  Seven  Pines  road.  (Round  trip  25  cents.) 

Total  mileage  of  routes,  32J  miles,  and  most  of  the  com- 
panies have  double  tracks  ' say  50  miles  of  tracks. 

The  Main-street  Line,  beginning  in  Fulton  (Rich- 
mond’s most  eastern  section),  passes  the  Old  Dominion 
Steamship  Company’s  wharves  and  S.  H.  Hawes’  coal  ele- 
vator, Libby  Hill  (Marshall  Park),  B.  F.  Johnson’s  publish- 
ing house,  St.  John’s  church  (within  two  blocks,  or  squares, 
as  they  are  called  here),  Libby  Prison  (within  one  square), 
“Old  Stone  House,”  the  First  Market,  Post-office  and  Cus- 
tom-house, Capitol  and  Capitol  Square,  all  the  insurance  and 
newspaper  offices,  the  banking  house  of  J.  L.  Williams  & 
Son  and  that  of  C.  W.  Branch  & Co.,  real  estate  offices  of 
J.  Thompson  Brown  & Co.  and  many  others,  P.  H.  Mayo  & 
Brother’s  tobacco  factory,  Allen  & Ginter’s  cigarette -works 
(within  one  square),  the  beautiful  Byrd-street  railroad  station 
(within  two  squares),  Gamble’s  Hill  Park  (within  four 
squares),  and  runs  alongside  Monroe  Park  for  several  hun- 
dred yards  ; goes  quite  near  to  Hollywood,  and  from  Mon- 
roe Park  proceeds  out  Main  street  to  the  New  Reservoir 
Park  and  Soldiers’  Home. 

The  Broad-street  Line  begins  at  Ninth  and  Main,  and 
thence  proceeds  up  Ninth,  past  the  Capitol  and  Capitol 
Square,  Washington  monument,  St.  Paul’s  church,  and  City 
Hall,  to  Broad  street — the  home  of  the  retail  trade — and  the 
broadest  street  (105  feet  wide)  in  the  city  proper.  The  cars 
now  pass  along  by  Colonel  John  Murphy’s  European  Hotel, 
the  Second  Market,  long  lines  of  stores  for  the  sale  of  dry 
goods,  the  Masonic  Temple,  and  still  up  Broad  to  Laurel, 


GUIDE  TO  RICHMOND,  &c.  17 

and  down  Laurel  (past  Monroe  Park)  to  Hollywood  Ceme- 
tery. 

The  Union  (^‘Electric”)  Line  begins  at  Twenty-ninth 
and  P streets  (not  far  from  Oakwood  Cemetery)  and  passes 
down  Church  Hill  avenue  to  Franklin,  up  Franklin  to  Bank 
street  (rounding  the  Capitol  Square),  and  again  returns  to 
Franklin  (passes  General  Lee’s  war-time  residence),  thence 
up  Seventh  to  Clay,  out  Clay  to  Hancock  (within  a short  dis- 
tance of  Hartshorn  Memorial  College),  out  Hancock  and 
Harrison  (near  to  Richmond  College  and  Lee  Monument  and 
Exposition  grounds),  and  thence  to  Reservoir  street  and  past 
Hollywood  Cemetery  and  the  Old  or  Marshall  reservoir, 
and  thence  to  Ashland  street,  past  Harvie town  and  the  Male 
Orphan  Asylum  to  the  New'  Reservoir  Park  and  the  city’s 
new  pump-house. 

The  Main  and  Broad-street  Lines  enter  the  park  on  the 
north  side  ; the  electric  on  the  south  side. 

The  “Electric”  (Union)  Line  has  a branch  running  from 
Seventeenth  and  Franklin  streets  up  Seventeenth  to  the 
Chesapeake  and  Ohio  shops.  Grain  Elevator,  and  Locomotive 
Works.  Also  another  branch  from  Fifth  and  Clay  up  Fifth 
to  Baker  (near  to  the  Alms-house,  City  Hospital,  Shockoe 
Cemetery,  and  Jewish  Burying  Ground),  and  up  Baker  nearly 
to  Brook  avenue.  Going  eastward  to  the  point  of  beginning, 
this  line  debouches  from  Church  Hill  avenue  up  Marshall 
street  to  Twenty-fourth,  down  Twenty -fourth  to  Broad,  down 
Broad  past  old  St.  John’s  church  and  burying  ground  to 
Twenty-ninth,  up  Twenty-ninth  to  P,  where  its  sheds  are 
located. 

The  Marshall-street  Line  begins  at  Mayo’s  bridge 
and  follows  a route  up  Fourteenth  to  College,  up  College 
(past  the  Virginia  Medical  College)  to  Marshall,  and  up  Mar- 
shall (near  the  Jeff.  Davis  mansion)  to  the  Exposition 
grounds.  For  most  of  its  length  it  parallels  the  Broad- 
street  and  Electric  lines,  and  is  but  one  square  from  each. 


18 


GUIDE  TO  RICHMOND,  &c. 


This  line,  which  was  built  by  the  Manchester  Railway  and 
Improvement  Company,  and  is  now  owned  by  the  City  Rail- 
way Company,  is  about  to  be  extended  across  Mayo’s  bridge 
to  Manchester,  where  its  tracks  are  being  laid  along  a very 
desirable  route. 

The  River  View  Line  connects  that  suburb  and  Harvie- 
town  with  the  Main-street  line. 

The  Seven  Pines  Road  (operated  by  steam)  reaches 
from  Twenty-sixth  and  P streets  (near  the  eastern  terminus 
of  the  Electric  line),  past  the  Masonic  Home,  to  the  battle- 
field of  Seven  Pines — eight  miles. 

The  Richmond  and  Manchester  Line  connects  the 
two  cities  by  way  of  the  Free  bridge. 

The  Southside  Land  and  Improvement  Company  connects 
with  it  in  Manchester  and  extends  to  Forest  Hill  Park,  on 
Manchester’s  suburbs ; also  connects  with  it  in  Richmond, 
and  extends  from  the  Free  bridge  to  the  Locomotive  Works. 

All  the  roads  of  Richmond  and  Manchester  will  ultimately 
use  electricity,  and  it  is  now  applied  by  the  Main-street  line 
and  the  Union  or  Electric  line.  The  Southside  Company’s 
road  is  being  equipped  for  its  use. 

Our  Products,  Trade,  and  Water-Power.— Richmond  is  a 
distributing  point  for  provisions,  dry  goods,  clothing,  notions, 
medicines,  hardware,  agricultural  machinery,  etc.,  and  most 
of  the  Southern  and  many  of  the  Western  States  are  among 
our  patrons. 

It  is  a city  plenteously  supplied  with  water-power,  and  rich 
in  facilities  by  river  and  rail  for  receiving  raw  material  and 
sending  out  manufactured  products.  Its  goods,  tobacco  par- 
ticularly, go  to  every  State  in  the  Union  and  to  almost  all 
the  lands  of  the  earth.  It  has  a location  enabling  it  to  do 
business  advantageously  with  the  people  of  Virginia,  West 
Virgin-ia,  North  Carolina,  South  Carolina,  Georgia,  Tennes- 
see, and  Kentucky,  and  with  the  markets  of  New  York, 
Philadelphia,  Baltimore,  New  Orleans,  Charleston,  Atlanta, 


19 


GUIDE  TO  RICHMOND,  &c. 

Cincinnati,  Chicago,  etc.  In  fact,  with  its  lines  of  ocean  and 
river  steamers  and  numerous  railroads  connected  with  great 
systems,  its  business  men  can  receive  and  ship  freight,  in 
unbroken  bulk,  from  or  to  any  portion  of  this  continent. 

In  the  five  years  just  passed  Richmond  has  made  aston- 
ishing strides  in  population,  in  manufactures,  in  the  jobbing 
trade,  in  general  commerce  and  business  of  every  descrip- 
tion, but  in  nothing  has  her  progress  been  more  strikingly 
exemplified  than  in  the  great  number  of  elegant  residences 
built. 

About  five  miles  above  Richmond  the  James  river  begins  a 
very  rapid  descent,  and  falls  altogether  one  hundred  and  six- 
teen feet,  which,  with  the  canals  paralleling  the  stream, 
affords  an  immense  water-power,  along  which  there  are 
many  desirable  manufacturing  sites  to  be  obtained  upon 
favorable  terms  by  application  to  the  President  or  Secre- 
tary of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce. 

Richmond  is  one  hundred  and  sixteen  miles  south  of 
Washington  by  the  nearest  railroad  route,  and  is  one  hun- 
dred and  twenty-seven  miles  from  the  Atlantic  ocean,  follow- 
ing the  meanders  of  the  river’s  channel.  Vessels  drawing 
sixteen  or  seventeen  feet  of  water  come  to  our  wharves,  and 
Congress  is  pledged  to  a plan  of  improvement  which  will  give 
us,  at  high  tide,  twenty-five  feet  to  the  sea.  That  Richmond 
is  a healthy  place  has  never  been  questioned.  The  climate 
is  dry  and  invigorating.  Freezing  weather  but  seldom 
comes  and  rarely  lasts  longer  than  three  or  four  days  at  a 
time. 

One  of  the  most  beautiful  features  of  Richmond  is  its  nu- 
merous parks.  They  are  all  on  high  hills,  and  charming 
views  spread  out  before  them.  All  are  reached  by  street  cars. 

The  churches  and  places  of  worship  number  seventy- five, 
and  the  denominations  represented  are  : Baptist,  Methodist, 
Christian,  Catholic,  Episcopal,  Presbyterian,  Jewish,  Lu- 
theran (English  and  German),  Friends,  etc. 


20 


GUIDE  TO  RICHMOND,  &c. 


A recent  table,  prepared  to  show  the  percentage  of  crime 
in  the  principal  cities  of  the  country,  puts  Richmond  in  the 
place  of  honor  as  a well  ordered  community. 

The  principal  streets  and  many  houses  are  lighted  by 
electricity. 

Richmond’s  Manufactures. 

The  following  table  shows  the  number  of  hands  employed 
and  annual  sales  of  products  in  the  chief  manufacturing  busi- 
nesses here  : (Totals  are  given  on  page  eight.) 


Number.  > Amount. 


Agricultural  implements,  machinery,  &c 

Bags  and  cotton-bagging 

Bakers 

Barrels  and  hogsheads 

Baskets,  brooms,  wood  and  willow-ware 

Blacksmiths  and  wheelwrights 

Blank-books,  paper-bags,  and  paper-boxes  .... 

Boots,  shoes,  leather,  and  leather  goods 

Boxes— Cigar,  tobacco,  and  packing 

Bricks 

Candy  and  confections 

Carriages,  wagons,  carts,  spokes,  hubs,  &c 

Carpenters  and  builders 

Cigars,  cigarettes,  and  cheroots 

Coffee,  spice,  and  flavoring-mills 

Clothing  and  merchant  tailors 

Cotton-factories 

Drugs,  medicines,  meat-juice,  and  bitters 

Fertilizers 

Flour  and  corn  meal 

Furniture,  mattresses,  &c 

Granite- works 

Iron  and  nail  works,  machine-works,  foundries, 
stone  works,  architectural  iron-works,  tobacco 

fixtures,  &c 

Lubricators,  oil,  and  grease 

Marble  and  stone-works 

Newspaper  and  job  printers 

Paper-mills 

Pork-packing 

Saddles,  harness,  and  horse-collars 

Sash,  blinds,  doors,  ornamental  wood-work,  and 

picture-frames 

Slate-works 

Sulphuric  acid  and  sulphate  of  ammonia 

Tanners 

Tinware,  gas-fitting,  and  plumbing 

Tobacco — Chewing  and  smoking 

Tobacco — Stemmeries  and  reprizers 

Trunks  and  valises 


Iu4  1 

$ 296,003 

326  1 

197,600 

130 

237,100 

240 

157,100 

365 

396,000 

188 

174,300 

603 

313,000 

872 

1,153,110 

144 

269,000 

482 

273,000 

105 

374,500 

321 

337,5<30 

452 

604,000 

2,579 

3 280,000 

23 

'297,000 

812 

350.500 

330 

340,000 

208 

1,137,900 

220 

1,125,000 

323 

2,500,000 

167 

240,300 

615 

451,500 

3,238 

3,714,800 

31 

302,00ff 

241 

318,600 

229 

442,850 

145 

450  000 

44 

390,000 

155 

260,200 
110  00 

161 

249,000 

150 

157,000 

20 

205,000 

22 

110,000 

337 

593,500 

4,890 

7,950,100 

575 

870,000 

100 

160,000 

GUIDE  TO  RICHMOND,  &c, 


21 


Exclusive  of  the  foregoing  are  manufactories  of  ale,  beer, 
mineral  waters,  bluing,  brands  and  stencils,  cotton-mill  sup- 
plies, dyeing  and  bleaching,  earthen  and  stoneware,  ground 
glue,  gunsmith  supplies,  hair-working  goods,  ice,  soap,  &c. 


The  Jobbing  Trade. 


THE  SALES  LAST  YEAR. 


As  indicated  by  the  following  table,  the  sales  in  1889  were 
129,140,000,  as  compared  with  |27,405,000  in  1888,  or  an 
increase  of  |1, 735,000.  The  capital  invested  in  1889  was 
^6,905,000,  as  compared  with  |6, 530, 000  in  1883 — an  increase 
of  1375,000: 


ARTICLES  OF  TRADE. 


Class t Article^  or  Kind. 

Groceries  and  liquors 

Provisions 

Dry  goods  and  notions 

Fancy  groceries  and  tobacco  . . 

Boots  and  shoes 

Hardware 

Drugs 

Railroad  and  plumbers’  supplies 

Hides  and  leather 

Hay  and  feed 

Books  and  stationery 

Sewing-machines 

Clothing 

Oil  and  paints 

Pianos  and  organs 

Licorice 

Hats  and  caps 

Earthenware  and  china 

Stoves  and  tinware 

Carpets  and  upholstery 

Seeds  

Wood  and  willow-ware 

Rubber  goods 

Millinery 


Totals 


Capital  in 

Annual 

Business. 

Sales. 

11,875,000 

$10,750,000 

385,000 

3,750,000 

840,000 

3,000,000 

400,000 

2,225,000 

500,000 

1,800,000 

300,000 

1,000,000 

340,000 

775,000 

200,000 

580,000 

240,000 

575,000 

200,000 

550,000 

225,000 

500,000 

250,000 

500,000 

100,000 

395  000 

125,000 

a50,000 

160,000 

350  000 

100,000 

a50,ooo 

160,000 

325  000 

90,000 

300,000 

100,000 

275,000 

90,000 

200,000 

75,000 

200,000 

75,000 

175,000 

50,000 

150,000 

25,000 

65,000 

$6,905,000 

$29,140,000 

In  addition  to  the  jobbing  trade  proper,  there  are  dealers 
in  coal,  ice,  and  cattle ; also  many  articles  sold  on  commis- 
sion, which,  with  the  retail  lines,  come  under  the  head  of 
trade,  exclusive  of  manufacturers.  These  sales  are  estimated 
at  $18,000,000,  making  total  sales  outside  of  manufacturers 
about  $47,000,000. 


22 


GUIDE  TO  RICHMOND,  &c. 


Railroad  Tonnage. — ^The  freight  tonnage  originating  at 
Richmond  during  the  past  year  is  reported  large  and  in 
excess  of  1888.  Last  year  two  of  the  principal  roads  carried 
about  211,000  tons — an  increase  of  about  60,000  over  the 
previous  year. 

Authorities  think  the  figures  will  show  an  increase  this 
year  over  last  of  close  on  to  75,000  tons. 

The  Trade  Organizations  here  are  the  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce, with  a membership  of  600  (John  B.  Purcell  president, 
and  R.  A.  Dunlop  secretary);  the  Tobacco  Exchange,  the 
Grain  and  Cotton  Exchange,  and  the  Stock  Exchange.  All 
of  these  have  suitable  homes,  and  the  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce is  about  to  erect  a fine  large  building  of  its  own. 

Social  Clubs. — The  chief  clubs  here  are  : The  Westmore- 
land, at  the  southeast  corner  of  Grace  and  Sixth  streets  ; the 
Richmond,  on  Franklin,  between  Second  and  Third ; the 
Mercantile,  on  Marshall,  between  Eighth  and  Ninth ; the 
Commercial,  on  Main  street,  between  Ninth  and  Tenth,  and 
the  Commonwealth,  which  is  about  to  erect  a magnificent 
building  in  the  West  End,  at  the  southwest  corner  of  Frank- 
lin and  Monroe  streets. 

Hotels. — The  chief  hotels  here  are  as  follows:  Ex- 
change and  Ballard  House,  W.  Scott  Carrington,  man- 
ager; Ford’s  Hotel,  A.  J.  Ford,  proprietor;  Murphy’s 
European  Hotel,  John  Murphy,  proprietor  ; American 
Hotel,  A.  D.  Atkinson,  proprietor;  Hotel  Dodson,  Charles 
B.  Dodson,  proprietor ; Davis  House  (European  plan),  Mark 
Davis,  proprietor ; Commercial  House,  William  Snellings, 
proprietor;  St.  Charles  Hotel,  P.  J.  Callaghan,  proprietor; 
St.  Claire  Hotel,  Charles  G.  Pettit,  proprietor ; Mt.  Vernon 
House,  Mrs.  W.  C.  Mayo,  proprietress ; Merchants’  Hotel, 
J.  J.  Thompson,  proprietor  ; The  Palace,  C.  E.  Straus,  pro- 
prietor ; Hotel  Zimmerman,  W.  H.  Zimmerman,  proprietor. 


WASHINGTON  MONUMENT  AND  STATE  CAPITOL. 


11. 

Capitol  and  Surroundings. 


most  central  and  conspicuous  building  in  the  city 
is  the  Capitol  (State  House).  Standing  upon  the 
brow  of  a commanding  eminence  (Shockoe  Hill)  and 
in  the  midst  of  a lovely  park  of  twelve  acres,  it  may 
be  seen  for  miles.  ‘‘Here,  on  this  Capitoline  Hill,” 
said  Rev.  Dr.  Moses  D.  Hoge,  in  his  address  at  the 
unveiling  of  Stonewall  Jackson’s  Statue,  “we  are  in  sight 
of  that  historic  river  [called  by  the  Indians  Powhatan,  by 
the  Colonists  the  James]  that  more  than  two  centuries  and 
a half  ago  bore  on  its  bosom  the  bark  freighted  with  the 
civilization  of  the  North  American  continent,  and  on  whose 
bank  Powhatan  wielded  his  sceptre  and  Pocahontas  launched 
her  skiff;  we  are  under  the  shadow  of  that  Capitol  whose 
foundations  were  laid  before  the  Federal  Constitution  was 
framed,  and  for  which  the  edicts  of  Virginia  went  forth  over 
her  realm,  that  stretched  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Mississippi — 
edicts  framed  by  some  of  the  patriots  whose  manly  forms  on 
yonder  monument  still  gather  around  him  whose  name  is  the 
purest  in  human  history.” 

Within  the  enclosure  of  the  Capitol  Square  are  the  Capitol, 
the  Executive  Mansion,  the  Washington  Monument,  the 
Stonewall  Jackson  Statue,  the  Statue  of  Henry  Clay,  and  the 
“Bell  House,”  the  last  an  odd,  tower-like  structure,  once 
the  “guard-house”  for  the  State  soldiers  (Public  Guard), 


GUIDE  TO  RICHMOND,  &c. 


25 


who,  in  olden  times,  were  employed  as  police  about  the 
public  property,  and  constituted  the  only  “ standing  army  ” 
of  State  establishment  in  the  Union.  From  the  Bell  House 
fire  alarms  and  summonses  for  members  of  the  Legislature 
were  formerly  sounded.  Thence  during  the  war  issued  the 
peals  which  called  out  for  local-defence  purposes  every  man 
and  boy  who  could  shoulder  a musket. 

The  Executive  Mansion  (the  residence  provided  by  the 
State  for  her 
Governor)  is  at 
the  east  end  of 
the  broad  ave- 
nue leading 
from  the  monu- 
ment. B.  H. 

Latrobe  was  the 
architect  of  It, 
and  it  was  built 
during  the  years 
1811,  1812,  and 
1813.  James 
Barbour  was  the  first  Governor  who  occupied  it,  and  it  has 
been  occupied  by  every  Governor  since.  The  present  build- 
ing was  preceded  by  on«  sometimes  called  the  “ Governor’s 
Palace,’’  a plain,  common-looking  wooden  structure,  which 
was  taken  down  after  this  was  erected. 

The  trees  in  the  square  (park),  remarkable  for  size  and 
beauty,  are  filled  with  squirrels  so  tame  that  they  will  eat 
from  the  hand. 

The  Statuary  in  the  Capitol  Square.— Cultivated  travellers 
freely  concede  that  there  is  no  work  of  the  kind  in  this  coun- 
try, and  few  in  the  world,  at  all  comparable  with  the  Wash- 
ington Monument.  [See  the  engraving  on  the  front  of  the 
cover.]  It  consists  of  an  imposing  column  of  Richmond 
granite,  rising  from  a star-shaped  base,  surmounted  by  a 


governor’s  residence. 


26 


GUIDE  TO  RICHMOND,  &c\ 

gigantic  equestrian  statue  of  Washington,  and  on  pedestals 
around  and  beneath  him  figures  of  the  following:  Patrick 
Henry,  whose  eloquence  fired  the  hearts  of  the  patriots  in 
the  revolution;  George  Mason,  the  author  of  the  Virginia 
Bill  of  Rights ; Thomas  Jefferson,  the  author  of  the  Decla- 
ration of  Independence;  Governor  Thomas  Nelson,  Jr.,  to 
whose  patriotism  and  purse  the  victory  at  Yorktown  was 
largely  attributable  ; Andrew  Lewis,  under  whose  leadership 
s Indian  conqueror  the  Virginians  made  a pathway  to  the 
West,  and  John  Marshall,  the  most  distinguished  Chief-Justice 
of  the  United  States  Supreme  Court. 

The  following  shows  the  places  of  the  statuary  and  the 
inscriptions  on  the  shields  of  the  allegorical  figures  occupy- 
ing the  lower  pediments : 

Finance opposite  Nelson  . . 

Colonial  Times . . . opposite  Lewis  . . 

Justice  .......  opposite  Marshall . 

Revolution opposite  Henry  . . 

Independence ....  opposite  J efFerson  . 

Bill  of  Rights  ....  opposite  Mason  . 

The  monument  and  most  of  the  figures  were  modelled  by 
Crawford,  the  designer  also  of  the  bronze  figure  of  Liberty 
on  the  dome  of  the  capitol  at  Washington,  and  of  the  statue 
of  Beethoven  at  Boston.  Mr.  Crawford  died  in  1857,  and  the 
unfinished  work— statues  of  Nelson  and  Lewis  and  the  alle- 
gorical figures — was  executed  by  Randolph  Rogers,  much  of 
whose  labor  is  to  be  seen  in  th3  capitol  at  Washington.  Our 
equestrian  statue  is  20|^  feet  from  the  rider’s  chapeau  to  the 
plinth  upon  which  the  horse’s  feet  rest.  The  pedestrian 
statues  are  each  ten  feet  high.  The  entire  cost  of  the  monu- 
ment (including  statuary)  was  $259,913.26. 

The  corner-stone  v/as  laid  February  22d,  1850,  and  Wash- 
ington’s statue  was  unveiled  February  22d,  1858,  but  the  en- 
tire work  was  not  completed  until  1868. 


/Yorktown 
\ Saratoga. 

I Point  Pleasant. 

( Valley  Forge. 

/ Great  Bridge. 

( Stony  Point. 

iEutaw  Springs. 
Trenton. 

King’s  Mountain. 
Princeton. 
Guilford  C.  H. 
Bunker  Hill. 


GUIDE  TO  RICHMOND,  &c.  27 

The  bronze  figures  were  all  cast  at  the  Royal  foundry  at 
Munich. 

Stonewall  Jackson. — On  the  north  side  of  the  avenue, 
between  the  Washington  monument  and  the  Governor’s 
house,  is  the  bronze  statue  of  Stonewall  Jackson.  It  stands 
upon  a pedestal  of  Virginia  granite  ten  feet  high.  It  is  of 
heroic  size  and  is  one  of  the  best  works  of  the  late  Mr.  Foley, 
the  great  English  sculptor,  who  was  chosen  by  the  Royal 
Commission  to  make  the  collossal  statue  of  Prince  Albert  for 
the  memorial  in  Hyde  Park,  of  which  he  executed  also  the 
group  Asia.”  This  statue  of  Jackson  was  ordered  by  the 
Right  Honorable  A.  J.  Beresrord-Hope  and  other  admirers  of 


THE  STATUE  OF  STONEWALL  JACKSON, 


28 


GUIDE  TO  RICHMOND,  &c. 

** Stonewall’^  Jackson,  and  was  presented  to  Virginia  by 
them,  duly  accepted  by  the  General  Assembly,  and  unveiled 
on  the  26th  of  October,  1875,  with  great  ceremony.  The 
following  is  the  inscription : 

“ Presented  by  English  gentlemen  as  a tribute  of  admiration  for  the 
soldier  and  patriot,  Thomas  J.  Jackson,  and  gratefully  accepted  by  Vir- 
ginia in  the  name  of  the  Southern  people.  Done  A.  D.  1875,  in  the  hun- 
dredth year  of  the  Commonwealth, 

“ Look ! There  is  Jackson  standing  like  a stone  wall.” 

The  Capitol. — The  Maison  Carree,  an  ancient  Roman 
Temple  of  Nismes,  France,  and  now  the  municipal  museum 
of  that  city,  was  the  model  selected  by  Mr.  Jefferson  for  the 
Capitol  of  Virginia,  but  it  was  not  strictly  adhered  to  in 
the  construction  of  the  edifice.  The  corner-stone  was  laid 
August  18,  1785;  “the  Capitol’^  then  being  in  a plain  and 
small  wooden  structure  on  the  west  side  of  Fourteenth  street 
between  Main  and  Cary. 

The  ground  floor  (generally  called  “the  basement  offices  ”) 
contains  the  offices  of  the  Auditor  of  Public  Accounts,  Sec- 
ond Auditor,  Treasurer,  and  Register  of  the  Land  Office 
(ex-officio  Superintendent  of  Public  Buildings). 

In  the  Land  Office  are  the  oldest  State  records  in  America. 
They  are  continuous  from  the  year  1620  (w-hen  the  Capitol  of 
Virginia  was  at  Jamestown)  to  this  time.  On  the  floor  above 
are  the  two  Legislative  Chambers.  In  the  rotunda,  or 
quadrangle  rather,  between  them,  is  Houdon^s  Statue  of 
Washington — “a  fac-simite  of  Washington’s  person,”  said 
Lafayette. 

Houdon,  a celebrated  French  sculptor,  employed  by  the 
General  Assembly  to  do  this  work,  was  two  weeks  with 
Washington  at  Mount  Vernon,  in  October,  1785,  “during 
which  time  he  took  a cast  of  Washington’s  face,  head,  and 
upper  part  of  the  body,  and  minute  measurements  of  his 
person,  and  then  returned  to  Paris  to  do  his  work.” 

Copies  of  the  statue  have  been  taken  by  Valentine  and 
Hubard. 


r 


GUIDE  TO  RICHMOND,  &c  29 

This  statue  was  erected  May  14,  1796.  The  following  is 
the  inscription  (written  by  Madison) ; 

“The  General  Assembly  of  the  Commonwealth  of  Virginia  have  caused 
this  statue  to  be  erected  as  a monument  of  affection  and  gratitude  to 
George  Washington,  who,  uniting  to  the  endowments  of  the  hero  the 
virtues  of  the  patriot,  and  exerting  both  in  establishing  the  liberties  of  his 
country,  has  rendered  his  name  dear  to  his  fellow-citizens  and  given  to 
the  world  an  immortal  example  of  true  glor3\ 

“ Done  in  the  year  of  Christ  one  thousand  seven  hundred  and  eighty- 
eight,  and  in  the  year  of  the  Commonwealth  the  twelfth.” 

Houdon  was  the  great  sculptor  of  his  day.  His  best 
known  works  are  Diana  (made  for  the  Empress  of  Russia), 
the  seated  statue  of  Voltaire  at  the  Theatre  Francaise,  “ The 
Shivering  Woman,”  and  the  statue  of  a muscular  skeleton 
of  the  human  body,  which  last  has  been  reproduced  over 
and  over  for  the  artistic  study  of  anatomy.  Among  his  last 
works  were  busts  of  Napoleon  and  Josephine  and  the  statue 
of  Cicero  in  the  Luxembourg  palace. 

The  Bust  of  Lafayette,  which  occupies  a niche  in  the  wall 
near  the  statue  of  Washington,  was  also  made  by  Houdon. 
The  original  was  presented  by  Virginia  to  the  city  of  Paris, 
and  then  this  copy  was  ordered  for  the  State  of  Virginia. 

The  Senate  Chamber  (entrance  from  the  rotunda,  or  quad- 
rangle more  properly)  was  occupied  during  the  war  as  the 
Confederate  House  of  Representatives.  A fine  picture  of 

The  Storming  of  a Redoubt  at  Yorktownf  by  Lami,  an 
eminent  French  painter  (a  work  presented  to  the  State  by 
Mr.  W.  W.  Corcoran),  hangs  on  the  wall  opposite  the  Presi- 
dent’s chair 

Lami  was  a pupil  of  Horace  Vernet.  Some  of  his  histor- 
ical paintings,  such  as  the  Battle  of  Casano,  the  capture  of 
Maestricht,  the  Fights  at  Hondscoot  and  Watignies,  and  the 
Capitulation  of  Anvers,  are  in  the  galleries  of  Versailles. 
The  Battle  of  the  Alma  is  another  of  his  productions. 

A fine  picture  of  General  R.  E.  Lee,  by  Elder,  hangs  on 
the  wall  opposite  the  gallery  during  the  legislative  session. 


30 


GUIDE  TO  RICHMOND,  &c. 

and  at  other  times  is  to  be  seen  in  the  Library  above.  At  the 
other  end  of  the  Capitol  is  the  Hall  of  the  House  of  Dele- 
gates. Here  Aaron  Burr  was  tried  for  treason  before  Chief- 
Justice  Marshall ; here  the  State  Secession  Convention  met  in 
1861.  Pictures  of  Chatham  and  J efferson  hang  upon  the  walls. 

April  27,  1870,  while  the  State  Court  of  Appeals,  sitting  in 
its  room  directly  above  this  hall,  was  hearing  the  contested 
election  case  of  Ellyson  vs.  Chahoon,  the  floor  broke  under 
the  weight  of  the  great  crowd,  and  sixty-five  men  were 
killed  and  two  hundred  wounded  by  being  precipitated  into 
this  hall.  The  ceiling  and  gallery  of  the  court-room  fell 
upon  them,  smothering  in  the  debris  many  who  might  have 
survived  the  fall. 

Rotunda  Gallery.— In  the  gal- 
lery are  hung  great  numbers  of 
portraits  of  historical  personages. 

A curiosity  here  is  the  Old 
Stove,  which  was  made  in 
England  in  1770  by  one  Buza- 
glo,  and  sent  over  by  the  Duke 
of  Beaufort  as  a present  to 
the  Colony  of  Virginia.  It  was 
used  in  warming  the  House 
of  Burgesses  at  Williamsburg 
until  the  capital  was  removed 
to  Richmond,  and  was  in  use 
here  for  three-quarters  of  a 
century  at  least,  but  is  now  re- 
tired from  service.  The  found- 
er, Buzaglo,  thus  wrote  of  the 
“warming  machine”  (1770): 

“The  elegance  of  workmanship 
does  honor  to  Great  Britain.  It 
excels  grandeur  anything 
ever  seen  of  the  kind,  and  is  a 


OLD  STOVE  IN  CAPITOL, 


GUIDE  TO  RICHMOND,  &c. 


31 


masterpiece  not  to  be  equalled  in  all  Europe.  It  has  met 
with  general  applause,  and  could  not  be  sufficiently  admired.  ’ ’ 
This  stove  is  about  seven  feet  in  height. 

On  the  floor  above  the  Legislative  Halls,  with  entrances 
from  the  rotunda  gallery,  are  the  State  Library  and  offices 
of  the  Governor  and  Secretary  of  the  Commonwealth. 
Since  the  Capitol  Disaster  there  has  been  a rearrangement 
of  the  rooms  over  the  hall  of  the  House. 

The  Chamber  of  the  Confederate  Senate  was  in  the  corner 
covered  by  the  Gove.^'nor’s  new  rooms. 

The  State  Library  has  the  largest  and  handsomest  rooms 
in  the  Capitol.  Upon  its  shelves  are  40,000  volumes,  many 
rare  and  valuable  MSS.,  and  a variety  of  objects  of  interest, 
among  them  the  following  well  worth  inspection  : 1.  Speak- 
er’s Chair  of  the  House  of  Burgesses  in  Colonial  Times ; 
2.  Portraits  of  Governors  in  Colonial  and  later  Times ; 3.  The 
Parole  signed  by  Lord  Cornwallis^  own  hand  at  Yorktown  ; 
4.  Original  MS.  of  the  Virginia  Bill  of  Rights — the  first  in 
America ; 5.  The  Lawyer’s  Fee-Book  of  Patrick  Henry ; 
6.  Autograph  of  Washington  at  seventeen  years  of  age,  with 
specimens  of  his  work  as  a land  surveyor;  7.  Jefferson’s 
Marriage  Bond ; 8.  Specimens  of  Continental  and  Confede- 
rate Money ; 9.  MS.  of  Stonewall  Jackson’s  last  dispatch. 

View  from  the  Platform  on  the  Roof  of  the  Capitol.— There 
is  a platform  on  the  roof  of  the  Capitol  which  may  be  reached 
by  any  one  with  safety.  The  view  is  good.  The  Janitor  will 
point  out  places  of  interest,  including  some  battle-fields,  of 
which  fair  glimpses  may  be  had. 

The  Marble  Statue  of  Clay,  which  stands  under  a canopy 
located  in  the  Square  between  the  Capitol  and  the  bell- 
house,  is  by  Hart,  and  was  presented  to  Virginia  by  the 
countrywomen  of  this  great  tribune  of  the  people,  and 
unveiled  with  imposing  ceremonies  April  12th,  1860. 

City  Hall. — The  building  going  up  on  the  square  north  of  the 
Capitol— just  beyond  Jackson’s  statue — is  the  City  Halt,  It 


32  GUIDE  TO  RICHMOND,  &c. 

occupies  the  site  of  the  old  City  Hall  (built  in  1815)  and  that 
of  the  First  Presbyterian  church  (removed  to  the  northeast 
corner  of  Grace  and  Madison  streets).  The  corner-stone  of 
the  new  City  Hall  was  laid  on  the  5th  of  April,  1887.  The 
design  was  made  by  Mr.  E.  E.  Myers,  of  Detroit,  Michigan, 
and  the  structure  when  finished  will  cost  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  $1,200,000.  The  stone  is  the  celebrated  James  river 
granite,  of  which  there  are  almost  inexhaustible  quarries  all 
around  this  city.  The  work  of  construction  is  under  charge 
of  City-Engineer  W.  E.  Cutshaw. 

Confederate  Landmarks  Identified. — [These  skirt  the  Capi- 
tol Square,  and  are  placed  here  in  proper  sequence  for  visit- 
ing.]  The  Confederate  Post-office  Department  was  in  God- 
din  Hall,  a stuccoed  edifice  southeast  corner  Eleventh  and 
Bank  streets,  about  one  hundred  yards  from  the  Capitol 
portico.  The  building  was  destroyed  by  the  great  fire  of 
the  evacuation.  The  present  one  covers  the  exact  site,  and 
is  in  nearly  the  same  style  of  the  old  one.  Fifty  yards  up 
Bank  street  is  the  Custom-house  and  Post-office  (recently 
remodelled),  one  of  the  few  buildings  on  either  side  of  Main 
street  between  Eighth  and  Thirteenth  left  standing  by  the 
evacuation  fire.  The  office  of  President  Davis  was  on  the 
third  floor,  second  room  to  the  left  entering  from  the  Bank- 
street  door,  now  occupied  by  Mr.  M.  F.  Pleasants,  clerk  of 
the  United  States  Circuit  Court.  The  rooms  on  the  Bank- 
street  floor  were  occupied  by  various  officers  of  government, 
and  the  Main-street  floor  (previous  to  and  since  the  war  the 
City  Post-office)  by  the  Confederate  Treasury. 

On  the  west  side  of  Ninth  street,  where  Bank  street  ter- 
minates, was  the  Mechanics*  Institute,  used  for  the  Confede- 
rate War  and  Navy  Department.s.  It  was  burnt  by  the 
evacuation  fire.  Going  up  Ninth  street  northwardly  a square 
and  a half,  and  *S7.  Paul's  Church  (Episcopal)  is  reached. 
Its  spire  is  remarkable  for  grace  and  symmetry.  Sunday, 
April  2,  1865,  President  Davis  was  at  worship  in  this  church 


r 


K' 


j- 


THE  NEW  CITY  HALL— BROAD-STREET 


34 


GUIDE  TO  RICHMOND,  &c. 

when  notified  by  telegram  from  General  Lee  that  the  city 
must  be  evacuated.  The  hotel  building  (now  St.  Claire) 
opposite  St.  Paul’s  was  used  by  the  Second  Auditor’s  office 
of  the  Treasury  Department.  The  Provost  Marshal’s  office 
was  in  a large  framed  house  (the  “Winder  Building”), 
erected  for  the  purpose,  on  the  west  side  of  Tenth  street 
between  Broad  and  Capitol,  to  the  north  of  the  Washington 
statue.  After  the  war  it  was  removed  to  Navy  Hill  (on  the 
northern  limit  of  the  city),  and  converted  into  a school-house 
for  colored  children. 

Valentine’s  Studios. — The  studios  and  gallery  of  E.  V. 
Valentine,  sculptor  (open  to  visitors),  are  at  809  east  Leigh 
street.  Here  may  be  seen,  in  addition  to  the  original  plaster 
of  the  “Lee  Recumbent  Figure,”  the  marble  of  which  is  in 
the  Mausoleum  annex  to  Washington  and  Lee  University 
chapel,  Lexington,  replicas  of  the  sculptor’s  “Woman  of 
Samaria,”  “The  Penitent  Thief, ” “Judas,”  &c.,  and  busts  of 
various  Confederate  celebrities ; also,  studies  by  his  master. 
Kiss,  including  the  original  full-size  head  and  the  miniature 
plaster  group  of  the  Amazon.  Mr.  Valentine  has  just 
finished  his  “Andromache  and  Astyanix,”  which  is  now 
being  cut  in  marble.  This  last  is  a Homeric  group,  illus- 
trating the  sadness  and  forebodings  of  Andromache  imme- 
diately after  parting  with  Hector,  and  is  Valentine’s  greatest 
and  best  effort  in  ideal  art. 


Eastern  Part  of  the  City. 

[Route  for  carriage  drive  of  two  hours.] 


making  a tour  of  the  city  start  from  the  Capitol.  The 
usual  plan  is  to  visit  first  the  eastern  or  old  portion 
of  the  city,  and  then  the  western  or  new  part.  The 
Jeff.  Davis  Mansion,  corner  Clay  and  Twelfth  streets, 
as  the  former  “White  House  of  the  Confederacy”  is 
popularly  called,  is  only  four  or  five  squares  from  the  Capi- 
tol. It  is  three  stories  high,  of  brick,  painted.  Here,  for 
nearly  four  years,  Mr.  Davis  and  family  resided;  here  he 
held  his  most  important  councils  with  General  R.  E.  Lee ; 
and  here  his  little  son  Joseph  (who  is  buried  not  far  from 
President  Monroe  at  Hollywood)  met  his  death  by  a fall  from 
the  porch.  The  house  is  roomy  and  old-fashioned,  and  was 
built  and  long  occupied  by  Dr.  John  Brockenb rough.  When 
the  capital  of  the  Confederacy  was  removed  from  Mont- 
gomery to  Richmond  it  was  purchased  by  the  city  and  ten- 
dered as  a present  to  Mr.  Davis.  As  such  he  declined  to 
receive  it,  but  consented  to  occupy  it  for  his  term,  leaving 
the  title  in  the  city.  After  the  occupation  of  Richmond  by 
the  Union  forces  in  1865,  till  the  restoration  of  civil  govern- 
ment in  1870,  the  building  was  occupied  in  whole  or  in  part 
as  a residence  or  headquarters  by  the  Military  Commanders 
of  this  district,  viz : Generals  Godfrey  Weitzel,  E.  O.  C.  Ord, 
H.  W.  Halleck,  A.  H.  Terry,  John  M.  Schofield,  George 
Stoneman,  Alexander  S.  Webb,  and  E.  R.  S.  Canby.  An 


36 


GUIDE  TO  RICHMOND,  &c. 


association  has  been  formed,  the  object  of  which  is  to  acquire 
the  Jeff.  Davis  Mansion  from  the  city  and  use  the  property 
as  a Library  building  and  Museum  of  Confederate  archives 
and  curios. 

The  handsome  building  on  the  brink  of  the  hill  about  one 
hundred  yards  north  of  this  house  is  the  Colored  Normal 
School. 

Down  Broad  Street. — Returning  to  Broad,  by  way  of 
Twelfth  street,  we  soon  come  to  the  Monumental  Church 
(Episcopal),  which  marks  the  spot  where  stood  the  Rich- 
mond Theatre,  destroyed  by  fire  December  26,  1811  (while 
‘‘The  Bleeding  Nun^*  w^as  being  played),  burning  to  death 
Governor  G.  W.  Smith  and  fifty-nine  others.  The  crypt  in 
the  portico  contains  the  names  and  a portion  of  the  ashes  of 
the  victims.  Immediately  in  the  rear  of  this  church,  facing 
College  street,  is  the  Medical  College  of  Virginia^  a hand- 
some building  in  the  Egyptian  style  of  architecture.  The 
'‘Retreat  for  the  Sick’^  is  w^est  of  the  College,  and  fronts  on 
Twelfth  street.  The  brick  church  seen  after  the  Monumental 
is  passed  is  the  First  African  f the  oldest  colored  church 
rt  / organization  in  the  city,  and  one  of  the  very  largest  in  point 

membership  in  the  land.  Half  a mile  onward,  and  on  the 
^biil  beyond  the  valley,  St.  John^s  Church  is  reached.  The 
P grading  of  the  streets  has  left  the  church  and  graveyard 

surrounding  it  high  up  above  the  pavement,  from  which 
rt  they  are  approached  by  flights  of  stone  steps.  The  building 
erected  in  1740,  and  though  it  has  been  from  time  to 
time  altered  and  improved,  it  is  substantially  the  same  which 
in  1775  echoed  the  speech  of  Patrick  Henry  to  the  Virginia 
Con  vention  sounding  the  key-note  of  the  Revolution,  “ Give 
vie  liberty y or  give  vie  death.*^  The  oldest  tomb-stone, 
that  of  Rev.  Robert  Rose,  is  of  date  1751.  Services  (Epis- 
copal) are  regularly  held  in  St.  John’s. 

Leaving  the  church,  in  five  minutes  we  are  at  Libby  Hill 
or  Marshall  Parky  where  the  monument  to  the  private  sol- 
diers and  sailors  of  the  Confederacy  is  being  erected. 


J 


OLD  ST.  JOHN’S  CHURCH. 

[From  a view  taken  at  the  close  of  the  war  of  1861-5.] 


38 


GUIDE  TO  RICHMOND,  &c. 


From  this  point  the  view  of  the  city  and  country-side  is 
charming.  On  the  left  is  Chimborazo  Park,  where  stood 
the  largest  Confederate  hospital,  occupying  barracks-like 
buildings,  which  covered  acres  and  acres  of  ground.  There 
scores  of  thousands  of  soldiers  were  treated,  and  many  died 
from  wounds  or  diseases.  The  buildings,  or  many  of  them, 
stood  until  a few  years  ago,  when  they  were  cleared  away 


“THE  WHITE  HOUSE  OF  THE  CONFEDERACY.” 
(Central  School.) 

This,  the  residence  of  Hon.  Jefferson  Davis  while  President  of  the 
Confederate  States,  has  for  twenty  years  been  used  as  a public  school 
building,  but  is  soon  to  become  a Library  and  Confederate  Museum  Hall 


PRIVATE  SOLDIER’S  MONUMENT  ON  LIBBY  HILL. 


This  structure  is  to  be  65'feet  high.  The  column  is  a reproduction 
(except  as  to  dimensions)  of  Pompey’s  Pillar.  Work  on  it  was  begun 
this  year. 


40 


GUIDE  TO  RICHMOND,  &c 

so  that  the  property  might  be  used  for  park  purposes.  Look- 
ing down  the  river  on  the  Richmond  shore,  we  see  the  Rich- 
mond Cedar  Works,  the  old  Brewery  building,  the  extensive 
plant  of  the  Richmond  Chemical  Works,  and  further  on  the 
wharves  of  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Railway  Company. 

While  there  are  many  other  good  views  here,  this  one 
from  Libby  Hill  is  not  to  be  duplicated — it  has  peculiar 
charms  of  its  own.  Well  may  we  here  quote  the  language 
of  the  poet  describing  Richmond  on  the  Thames,  after  which, 
because  of  resemblance  of  situation,  Richmond  on  the  James 
was  named. 

“What  a goodly  prospect  spreads  around 
Of  hills  and  dales,  and  woods  and  lawns  and  spires, 

And  glittering  towns  and  gilded  streams.” 

If  the  visitor  desire,  he  can  conveniently  extend  his  drive 
from  Libby  Hill  to  Oakwood  Cemetery^  where  16,000  Con- 
federates are  sleeping,  and  a monument  rising  midst  their 
graves  tells  their  story. 

In  this  cemetery  the  Union  Colonel,  Ulric  Dahlgren  (son 
of  Admiral  Dahlgren),  who  was  killed  in  one  of  the  “ raids 
around  Richmond,’’  was  interred.  His  father  having  made 
application  to  President  Davis  for  the  return  of  the  body 
under  flag  of  truce,  men  were  sent  to  open  the  grave,  secure 
and  deliver  up  the  body.  It  was  found  by  them,  however, 
that  the  grave  (on  the  eastern  slope  of  the  cemetery)  had 
been  rifled.  Some  Richmond  Unionists  had  come  in  the 
night  and  stolen  the  body  away.  They  carried  it  out  to  the 
country  again,  buried  it,  and  after  the  war  delivered  it  to 
Admiral  Dahlgren. 

Supposing  that  the  visitor  leaves  Libby  Hill  without  going 
to  Oakwood,  the  next  point  of  interest  is  the  five-story  book- 
publishing house  of  B.  F,  Johnson  & Co,y  at  the  northeast 
comer  of  Main  and  Twenty-sixth  streets,  one  of  the  great 
objects  of  industrial  interest  in  Richmond,  and  one  of  the 
most  complete  establishments  of  its  sort  in  the  country. 


LIBBY  PRISON  FROM  A VIEW  TAKEN  IN  1865. 

(In  1889  the  building  was  removed  from  Richmond  to  Chicago. 


42 


GUIDE  TO  RICHMOND,  &c. 


Next  the  visitor  should  go  to  the  Libby  Prison  site^  Cary 
and  Twentieth  streets,  upon  which  has  recently  been  built 
the  works  of  the  Crystal  Ice  Company.  Here,  about  1850, 
was  erected  a building  which  afterwards  obtained  w'orld  wide 
celebrity.  It  was  constructed  for  storage  purposes  and  was 
long  occupied  by  Libby  & Co.,  ship  chandlers.  It  was  a large , 
square,  plain  brick  structure,  and  after  the  war  began  the 
Confederates  secured  it  as  a prison.  It  was  used  mostly  to 
confine  commissioned  officers  and  for  the  reception  and  reg- 
istration of  privates  destined  for  Andersonville,  Salisbury, 
and  Belle  Isle.  In  this  way  some  40,000  or  50,000  prisoners 
probably  crossed  its  threshold.  The  office  af  the  comman- 
dant was  at  the  northeast  corner.  From  this  prison,  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1864,  one  hundred  and  nine  prisoners,  led  by  Colonel 
Streight,  managed  to  escape.  They  got  into  tlie  basement 
and  tunnelled  under  the  east  wall  into  the  premises  adjoin- 
ing, used  for  stable  and  storage  purposes.  IMore  than  half 
of  them  were  recaptured.  The  building  was  used  by  the 
Southern  Fertilizing  Company  as  a manufactory  when  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1888,  it  was  purchased  by  a Chicago  syndicate,  and  in 
1889  it  was  taken  down,  brick  by  brick,  loaded  on  cars,  and 
removed  to  Chicago,  where  it  has  been  re-erected,  and  is  now 
known  as  the  Libby  Prison  War  ISIuseum. 

A few  minutes  drive  from  the  Libby  and  we  are  at  the  Old 
Stone  Housey  Main  street  between  Nineteenth  and  Twentieth. 
This  is  without  question  the  oldest  building  now  standing  in 
Richmond.  It  is  supposed  to  have  been  erected  by  one  Jacob 
Ege,  and  tradition  associates  with  it  the  names  of  Washing- 
ton, Lafayette,  Jefferson,  Monroe,  and  other  celebrities. 
Whatever  may  be  its  history,  its  antiquity  is  unquestionable, 
and  it  has  been  visited  by  thousands  of  strangers  from  all 
quarters  of  the  globe. 

Driving  up  Main  street  to  the  Post-Office  (which  pretty  well 
completes  the  circuit  of  the  eastern  section  of  the  city),  from 
Fourteenth  street  up  only  a few  houses  can  be  found  which 


J 


44 


GUIDE  TO  RICHMOND  &c. 


withstood  the  fire  of  the  evacuation.  The  Post-Office  is  one 
of  these ; everything  immediately  around  it  was  burnt.  All 
the  handsome  buildings  now  to  be  seen  were  erected  since 
the  war,  when  the  people  not  only  recommenced  life  with  no 
money  and  few  friends,  but  with  smouldering  ruins  marking 
the  squares  where  had  been  their  costliest  bridges,  depots, 
warehouses,  factories,  and  stores. 


POST-OFFICE, 


IV 

Western  Portion  of  the  City. 

[Route  for  two  or  three  hours’  drive.] 


^^^UPPOSING  that  the  visitor  leave  the  Post-Office,  on 
his  drive  to  the  western  or  new  portion  of  the  city, 
and  that  the  route  be  up  Main  street,  he  will,  in  two 
squares’  distance  pass  the  J.  B.  Pace  Block,  south- 
(f^  east  corner  of  Main  and  Eighth  streets.  The  upper 
floors  of  this  great  building  are  all  used  as  offices  of  the 
Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Railway  Company. 

During  the  war  the  Spotswood  Hotel  stood  on  this  lot,  and 
it  was  headquarters  for  all  celebrities  visiting  here.  It 
escaped  the  fire  of  the  evacuation,  but  was  burnt  December 
25,  1870,  when  eight  persons  lost  their  lives  in  it. 

The  next  point  on  our  visiting  list  is  the  cigarette  works  of 
Allen  (2f  Ginter^  now  known  as  the  Allen  & Ginter  branch 
of  the  American  Tobacco  Company,  at  the  southwest  corner 
of  Cary  and  Seventh  streets.  President  Hayes’  party,  in 
1879,  and  the  Marquis  of  Lome’s,  in  1882,  found  great  de- 
light in  visiting  the  factory — as  well  to  hear  the  girls  sing  at 
their  work  as  to  see  the  cigarettes  turned  out  by  their  nimble 
fingers.  Their  labor  is  all  white.  The  house  has  a world- 
wide reputation.  Its  cigarettes  and  other  products  are  sold 
in  every  part  of  the  globe,  and  crowned  heads  and  princes 
and  the  greatest  as  well  as  the  humblest  of  earth  are 
* ‘ puffing  ’ ’ their  goods. 


46 


GUIDE  TO  RICHMOND,  &c. 

Diagonally  across  the  street  from  Allen  & Ginter’s  is  an- 
other famous  factory — that  of  P.  H,  Mayo  & Bro.y  incor- 
porated, which  has  an  imposing  front  of  about  two  hundred 
feet  on  Seventh  street,  between  Main  and  Cary,  four  to  five 
stories  high,  forming  a hollow  square,  and  is  one  of  the  most 
completely  equipped  establishments  in  the  country.  Long 
experience  of  the  proprietors  has  enabled  them  to  furnish 
their  factory  with  the  most  modern  and  approved  machinery, 
much  of  which  they  have  invented,  and  all  combine  to  effect 
the  excellence  and  high  reputation  they  have  attained  in  their 
productions,  which  are  chiefly  navy  styles. 

At  the  southeast  corner  of  Cary  and  Sixth  streets  are  the 
unique  and  extensive  works  of  Mann  S.  Valentine,  originator 
and  manufacturer  of  Valentine’s  Meat  Juice,  which  has  a 
world-wide  reputation  and  sale. 

Back  to  Main  street,  and  at  Sixth,  we  pass  the  Young  Men’s 
Christian  Asso- 
c i a t i o n Hall, 
which  is  one  of 
the  practical  re- 
sults  of  the 
Moody  meet- 
ings held  here 
in  1885. 

The  great 
evangelist,  b y 
his  personal  ef- 
forts here,  raised 
a great  part  of 
the  money,  and 
the  corner-stone  was  laid  in  1885. 

The  building  contains  a fine  lecture  hall,  library,  gymna- 
sium, parlors,  school  rooms,  &c. 

At  the  intersection  of  Main  and  Fifth  streets  we  pass  the 
Allan  House  to  the  left,  and  Dr.  Hoge's  (Presbyterian) 
Church  to  the  right  ^ 


J 


GUIDE  TO  RICHMOND,  &c.  47 

In  the  Allan  House  many  years  ago  lived  Mr.  John  Allan, 
who  adopted  and  educated  the  poet,  Edgar  Allan  Poe.  In 
this  house,  in  1881,  was  held  a great  ball  in  honor  of  the  La- 
fayette and  Von  Steuben  families,  and  other  representatives 
of  France  and  Germany,  who  came  here  from  the  dedica- 
tion of  the  Yorktown  Battle  Monument. 

The  next  cross  street  (Fourth)  leads  from  Main  to  Gamblers 
Hill  Park^  which  is  noted  for  the  view  it  offers  of  the  river 
above  and  below  tide,  and  scenes  of  busy  .life.  At  the  foot  of 
the  hill  are  the  tracks  of  the  James  River  Division  of  the 
Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Railway  Company  ; a railroad  which, 
starting  from  Richmond,  and  using  in  good  part  the  tow-path 
of  the  old  canal,  follows  the  James  River  Valley  through  a 
country  as  remarkable  for  the  loveliness  and  variety  of  its 
scenery  as  for  the  richness  of  the  farming  lands  and  its  beds 
of  mineral  wealth. 

The  Park  is  skirted  by  handsome  residences,  of  which 
Pratt’s  Castle  is  one  of  the  most  prominent  and  unique. 

Between  the  canal  and  the  river  is  the  Tredegar  Works, 
one  of  the  largest  iron-manufacturing  establishments  in  the 
country,  conducted  by  a company,  of  which  General  Joseph 
R.  Anderson  is  president.  During  the  w^ar  it  largely  supplied 
the  Confederacy  with  cannon  and  shot  and  shell.  Belle  Isle 
is  also  in  full  view.  For  some  time  during  the  w^ar  a prison 
camp  was  here.  The  prisoners  were  quartered  in  tents  on 
the  lowland.  The  Old  Dominion  Iron  and  Nail  Works  Com- 
pany, of  which  Mr.  Arthur  B.  Clarke  is  president,  occupy  the 
island  for  their  purposes.  The  State  Penitentiary  is  to  the 
right  of  Gamble’s  Hill ; its  high  walls  at  once  indicate  that  it 
is  a prison.  It  went  into  operation  March  29,  1800,  and  has 
suffered  from  fire  on  several  occasions.  At  the  evacuation, 
April  3,  1865,  the  guard  (a  company  of  State  ‘‘regulars”) 
having  been  withdrawn  from  the  city  with  the  Confederate 
troops,  the  prisoners  broke  out,  and  a mob  of  ruffians  broke 
in  for  purposes  of  robbery,  and  the  buildings  were  fired  and 
several  of  them  destroyed. 


r 


PRATT’S  CASTLE,  GAMBLE’S  HILL. 


J 


GUIDE  TO  RICHMOND,  &c.  49 

When  Aaron  Burr  was  here  on  trial  for  treason  before 
Chief-Justice  Marshall,  he  was  confined  in  the  Penitentiary  in 
one  of  the  rooms  then  and  now  set  apart  for  the  Superinten- 
dent’s use.  There  are  usually  about  nine  hundred  prisoners 
within  the  walls  and  several  hundred  more  are  on  public 
works. 

Hollywood  and  Beyond.— From  Gamble’s  Hill  to  Holly- 


HOLLYWOOD  GATE. 

wood  Cemetery  is  a ten-minutes’  drive,  and  it  is  a beautiful 
spot.  The  entrance  is  through  a “ruined”  portal,  the 
granite  of  which  is  nearly  covered  by  vines. 

A massive  pyramid  of  undressed  James  River  granite, 
ninety  feet  high,  stands  as  a monument  to  the  twelve  thou- 
sand Confederate  dead  buried  around  it. 

On  President’s  Hill,  overlooking  the  river,  are  buried 
Presidents  Monroe  and  Tyler.  The  grave  of  the  latter  has 
as  yet  no  stone  to  mark  it.  It  is  within  twenty  steps  of 
Monroe’s,  and  within  a few  feet  of  the  marble  figure  of  the 
Virgin  Mary  over  his  (Mr  Tyler’s)  daughter’s  resting-place. 
A tomb  of  iron  and  granite  covers  Monroe,  who  died  in  New 
York  in  1831,  and  was  disinterred  and  removed  to  Richmond 


5C'  GUIDE  TO  RICHMOND,  &c. 

in  1858.  John  Randolph,  of  Roanoke,  is  also  buried  in  this 
cemetery.  His  grave,  at  the  west  end  of  Roanoke  avenue, 
is  covered  by  an  enduring  tablet  of  granite. 

Here  in  this  cemetery  lie  also  Lieutenant-General  A.  P. 
Hill,  who  was  in  the  last  thoughts  of  both  Lee  and  Jackson  ; 
Major-General  George  E.  Pickett,  who  led  the  charge  of  the 
Virginia  Division  at  Gettysburg;  William  Smith,  Major- 
General  in  the  Confederate  army  and  twice  Governor  of 
Virginia  ; General  J.  E.  B.  Stuart,  tlie  famous  cavalryman ; 
Commodore  M.  F.  Maury,  ‘‘the  pathfinder  of  the  seas”  ; 
Henry  A.  Wise,  celebrated  as  Governor  and  General ; Hon. 
James  A.  Seddon,  Confederate  Secretary  of  War;  Thomas 
Ritchie,  founder  of  the  “Enquirer’’  and  “Father  of  the 
Democratic  Party”;  John  R.  Thompson,  the  Poet;  Gen- 
erals W.  H.  Stevens  and  John  Pegram ; John  M.  Daniel, 
the  aggressive  editor  of  the  “Examiner”  during  the  war; 
Caroline  Richings-Bernard,  the  famous  opera  singer,  and 
hundreds  of  others  who  were  well  known  in  the  State.  The 
grounds  altogether  contain  eighty-seven  acres. 

The  view  from  Hollywood  of  Richmond  and  Manchester, 
the  winding  of  the  river  below  the  cities,  and  of  the  Falls  of 
the  James  is  excellent.  In  front  (south)  of  Hollywood,  down 
on  the  river  bank,  are  the  lower  City  Water  Works.  A dam 
half  way  across  the  river  supplies  the  motive  power  and 
feeds  the  pumps.  To  reach  the  “ Pump-House  ” from  Hol- 
lywood you  pass  through  a tunnel  under  the  canal.  Return- 
ing to  the  cemetery  you  can  pass  out  of  the  western  gate  and 
drive  to  the  Marshall  (old)  Reservoir^  which  is  surrounded 
by  pretty  beds  of  flowers  and  shrubbery. 

The  grounds  of  this  reservoir  have  a tragic  interest,  as  on 
the  night  of  the  13th  of  March,  1885,  Thomas  J.  Cluverius, 
a young  lawyer  of  King  and  Queen  county,  led  his  cousin, 
Fannie  Lillian  Madison  (whom  he  had  basely  betrayed),  into 
them  by  an  opening  in  the  fence  nearest  Hollywood,  and 
having  knocked  her  insensible,  threw  her  body  in  the  water, 


THE  CONFEDERATE  MONUMENT  IN  HOLLYWOOD. 


Inscription;  East  Side — “To  the  Confederate  Dead.”  North  Side 
“ Memoria  in  sterna.”  South  Side — “ Numini  et  Patriae  Asto.” 
West  Side — “ Erected  by  the  Ladies  of  the  Hollywood 
Memorial  Association,  A.  D.  1869.” 


52 


GUIDE  TO  RICHMOND,  &c. 

where  it  was  found  next  morning.  He  was  arrested  on  the 
18th ; tried  in  May,  convicted,  and  on  January  14,  1887,  was 
hanged  in  Richmond  jail.  Miss  Madison,  who  was  a native 
of  King  William,  and  resident  of  Bath  county  when  brought 
here  and  murdered,  is  buried  at  Oakwood. 

West  of  Hollywood  is  River  View  Cemetery  (city  property) 
and  Mount  Calvary  (Catholic),  both  recently  laid  out.  The 
latter  particularly  is  destined  to  be  a beautiful  spot. 

The  New  Reservoir  Park  is  half  a mile  still  farther  west- 
ward. The  fields  between  the  two  were  once  almost  cov- 
ered by  the  great  Confederate  hospitals  Winder  and  Jackson. 

The  collection  of  houses  to  the  left  constitute  Harvie- 
town.  It  consists  in  considerable  part  of  the  buildings 
erected  soon  after  the  war  by  the  United  States  Government 
as  quarters  for  troops.  The  place  was  then  called  Camp 
Grant.  The  large  brick  building  is  the  Male  Orphan 
Asylum,  Mrs.  J.  R.  Gill,  superintendent. 

The  New  Reservoir  is  on  an  elevated  plateau,  and  is  sur- 
rounded by  a park  of  300  acres.  This  reservoir  covers  11| 
acres — that  is,  it  is  the  size  of  the  Capitol  Square — and  has  a 
capacity  of  40,000,000  gallons. 

The  New  Pump-House,  half  a mile  southwest  of  the  reser- 
voir, at  the  Three-Mile  Locks,  is  the  main  means  of  supply- 
ing the  city  with  water.  The  power  comes  down  the  canal 
from  the  river  six  miles  above  this  point. 

The  New  Reservoir^  with  its  drives,  walks,  lake  and  boats, 
its  great  avenues  lined  with  shade-trees,  its  pavilions  for 
pic-nic  parties,  and  beautiful  pumps  (water  and  .steam  power), 
is  one  of  the  great  attractions  of  the  city,  and  though  but  a 
few  years  of  age,  is  growing  greatly  in  popularity. 

Passing  out  of  the  Reservoir  grounds  by  the  Boulevard, 
you  come  to  the  Lee  Camp  Soldiers^  I-Iome—?L  large  build- 
ing and  collection  of  pretty  cottages  set  in  the  midst  of  a 
grove  of  oaks.  This  home  for  the  war-worn  warriors  of  the 
Confederate  States  was  bought  and  paid  for  by  private  sub- 


t;  T OMB  OF  MONROE  IN  HOLLYWOOD. 


54 


GUIDE  TO  RICHMOND,  &c. 


scriptions,  and  is  now  maintained  by  appropriations  from 
the  State,  from  the  city,  and  gifts  of  private  persons.  It 
usually  has  about  125  inmates. 

From  the  Soldiers’  Home,  looking  northward,  you  seethe 
Exposition  Buildings  erected  on  the  Fair  Grounds  in  1888, 
at  a cost  of  |70,000.  Beyond  it,  on  the  Brook  road,  are 
several  of  the  finest  country  houses  in  Virginia,  chief  among 
which  are  those  of  Mr.  Joseph  Bryan,  Major  Lewis  Ginter, 
and  Dr.  Hunter  McGuire.  The  roads,  avenues,  and  groves 
in  that  immediate  neighborhood  are  very  lovely. 

During  the  war  of  1861-5  the  Fair  Grounds  were  known 
as  Camp  Lee,  and  thousands  of  troops  encamped  there. 

The  usual  route  from  the  Soldiers’  Home  to  the  city  is 
down  Grove  road,  a charming  avenue  lined  with  handsome 
cottages  set  in  the  midst  of  lawns,  flowers,  and  shade-trees. 

At  Vine  street  you  come  into  full  view  of  the  Lee  Monu- 
ment, and  a drive  of  two  or  three  hundred  yards  brings  you 
to  it — in  the  centre  of  Lee  Circle — which  is  at  the  west  end  of 
Franklin  street.  Here  fifty-eight  acres  of  land  have  been 
laid  off  into  lots,  and  will  in  a few  years  be  occupied  by 
fashionable  residences. 

Lee  Circle  is  a piece  of  ground  200  feet  In  diameter,  where 
Monument  avenue  and  Allen  avenue  (each  140  feet  wide) 
intersect.  The  site  was  given  to  the  monument  association 
by  Major  Otway  S.  Allen  and  his  sisters — Mrs.  Roger  B. 
Gregory  and  Mrs.  N.  M.  Wilson.  The  corner-stone  of  the 
monument  w^as  laid  October  27,  1887,  and  the  statue  was 
unveiled  May  29,  1890;  Mercie  and  Pujot  (both  of  Paris) 
were  the  sculptor  and  architect,  respectively.  The  total  cost 
was  about  $75,000. 

The  dedication  of  the  monument  on  the  29th  May,  1890, 
was  the  occasion  of  the  greatest  reunion  of  Confederate 
soldiers  ever  known.  The  oration  of  the  day  was  delivered 
by  Colonel  Archer  Anderson,  and  Governor  McKinney  and 
Generals  Fitz  Lee,  Joseph  E Johnston,  Jubal  A,  Early, 


56 


GUIDE  TO  RICHMOND,  &c. 


James  Longstreet,  John  B.  Gordon,  John  R.  Cooke,  and  other 
celebrities  had  parts  in  the  ceremonies. 

Coming  into  the  city,  down  Franklin  street,  you  pass  Rich- 
mond College,  a building  of  great  size,  standing  in  the  centre 
of  several  acres  of  land,  with  numerous  residences  for  its  pro- 
fessors gathered  about  it. 

A square  or  two  onward,  and  looking  towards  Broad 
street,  you  have  a glimpse  of  the  handsome  freight  houses 
of  the  Richmond,  Fredericksburg  and  Potomac  Railroad 
Company. 

On  the  right  you  pass  Monroe  Park  (the  old  Fair  Grounds), 
the  centre  of  the  fashionable  West  End.  Here  were  camped 
in  the  early  spring  of  1861  the  First  "egiment  of  South  Car- 
olina troops,  the  first  troops  brought  here  from  the  South. 


MR.  A.  T.  HARRIS’  RESIDENCE, 
Facing  Monroe  Park. 


RESIDENCE  OF  MAJOR  LEWIS  GINTER,  S.  W.  CORNER  FRANKLIN  AND  SHAFER  STS. 


58 


GUIDE  TO  RICHMOND,  &c. 


Later  the  grounds  were  used  for  hospital  purposes,  and  one- 
story  buildings  covered  them.  A few  years  after  the  war 
they  were  devoted  to  park  purposes. 

On  Franklin  street  you  will  see  many  handsome  residences, 
among  them  those  of  Major  Lewis  Ginter,  E.  A.  Saunders. 
R.  W.  Powers,  Samuel  Hirsh,  Fred.  R.  Scott,  Alfred  T.  Har- 
ris, William  L.  Royall,  Joseph  R.  Anderson,  P.  H.  Mayo, 
Thomas  Atkinson,  James  B.  Pace,  Colonel  Archer  Anderson, 
and  John  P.  Branch. 

The  residences 
of  General  Ander- 
son and  Mr.  Mayo 
are  at  the  intersec- 
tion of  Franklin  and 
Jefferson  streets, 
and  are  on  oppo- 
site sides  of  this 
great  fashionable 
thoroughfare  ; the 
former  to  the  right, 

the  latter  to  the  left.  residence  of  Gen.  Anderson. 

They  are  in  the 

Italian  villa  style,  with  spacious  porticoes  ; their  light  stone- 

colors  contrasting 
beautifully  with  the 
abundant  foliage  of 
the  spacious 
grounds  about 
them. 

At  the  southwest 
corner  of  Franklin 
and  Monroe  streets 
the  Commonwealth 
Club  is  erecting  a 
very  handsome 
building  upon  the 


Residence  of  Mr.  Mayo. 


GO 


GUIDE  TO  RICHMOND,  &c. 


site  (opposite  the  residence  of  Major  Bailey  Davis)  of  what 
was  one  of  the  famed  seats  of  the  olden  times — having  been 
known  in  one  generation  as  the  Bullock  Mansion  and  in 
another  as  the  Palmer  Mansion. 

Now  onward  to  the  Capitol  Square,  whether  you  follow 
Franklin  or  Grace  street,  you  are  in  the  midst  of  elegant  resi- 
dences. 

Grace  street  (the  street  between  Franklin  and  Broad)  is  so 
called  from  the  great  number  of  churches  with  which  it  is 
lined. 


V. 

Other  Points  of  Interest. 


■HILE  it  was  not  practicable  to  include  in  the  fore- 
going drives  the  following  places,  nevertheless  it 

? should  be  understood  that  they  are  quite  as  worthy 
of  visits  as  most  others  heretofore  referred  to,  viz  : 
Shockoe  Hill  Cemetery,  Jewish  Cemetery,  and  City 
Almshouse,  north  end  of  Fourth  street. 

In  the  first,  Chief-Justice  John  Marshall,  John  Hampden 
Pleasants,  and  many  others  of  distinction  are  buried  ; in  the 
second  there  is  a unique  enclosure  as  of  stacked  muskets 
around  the  soldiers’  section,  and  the  Almshouse  is  one  of  the 
handsomest  city  buildings  we  have,  and  was  a great  hospital 
during  the  war. 

Standing  on  the  hill  at  the  end  of  Fifth  street  (near  the 
Jewish  Cemetery)  you  see  in  the  valley  before  you  the  Rich- 
mond Locomotive  and  Machine  Works,  where  at  this  very 
moment  a contract  (amounting  to  |654,000)  is  being  filled  to 
supply  the  United  States  Government  with  machinery  for 
the  great  war  ship  Texas. 

The  ravine  here  is  about  to  be  bridged,  and  a street  rail- 
way will  cross  it. 

To  your  left  Barton’s  Heights  are  in  view;  in  front  Chest- 
nut Hill,  and  to  your  right,  in  the  valley,  the  round-house 
and  workshops  of  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Company. 

Next  should  be  visited  the  solid,  squarely-built  old  house 
which  was  once  the  residence  of  Chief-Justice  Marshall,  and 


62  GUIDE  TO  RICHMOND,  &c. 

late  the  residence  of  ex-Governor  Henry  A.  Wise,  northwest 
comer  of  Ninth  and  Marshall  streets. 

The  Richmond  National  Cemetery  (to  which  a government 
road  leads  from  Chimborazo  Park),  where  thousands  of 
Union  soldiers  are  buried,  is  on  the  Williamsburg  road,  two 
miles  from  the  city.  The  grounds  are  always  well  kept.  It 
is  but  a short  drive  from  this  point  to  Fair  Oaks  (Seven  Pines) 
battle-field. 

A visit  to  the  Tobacco  Exchange,  Shockoe  Slip,  about 
noon  will  prove  of  interest.  Most  of  the  great  warehouses 
for  the  inspection,  sampling,  and  storing  of  leaf  tobacco  are 
in  the  neighborhood  of  the  Exchange-.  Richmond  is  one  ot 
the  foremost  of  the  great  tobacco  markets,  and  “Virginia 
leaf’’  is  renowned  the  world  over,  whether  used  in  cigarettes, 
smoking  or  plug  tobacco. 

The  Maso7ts^  Hall,  on  Franklin  street,  between  Eighteenth 
and  Nineteenth,  is  the  oldest  building  in  this  country  erected 
for  Masonic  purposes.  The  corner-stone  was  laid  in  Octo- 
ber, 1785,  and  it  is  believed  that  the  first  meeting  in  it  was 
that  of  the  Grand  Lodge,  in  1796.  The  Masons  are  now 
bringing  to  completion  a beautiful  temple  at  the  southwest 
corner  of  Broad  and  Adam.s  streets,  a w'orthy  home  for  the 
lodges,  chapters,  and  commanderies  that  will  be  gathered 
there,  and  located  on  a fast-improving  part  of  Richmond’s 
great  retail  thoroughfare. 

The  Richmond  House,  on  Governor  street,  opposite  the 
Governor’s  Mansion,  used  during  the  war  as  one  of  the 
bureau  buildings  of  the  Confederate  Government,  is  now 
St,  Luke'' s Home — Dr.  Hunter  McGuire’s  hospital. 

Literature,  Art,  Miscellanies. — The  Virginia  Historical 
Society  has  a valuable  Library  of  10,000  volumes,  with  many 
rare  M9S.,  portraits  of  distinguished  Virginians,  &c,,  in  their 
rooms  at  the  Westmoreland  Club.  Mr.  R.  A.  Brock,  who  is 
a devoted  student  and  able  and  prolific  writer  of  Virginia 
history,  is  the  corresponding  secretary. 


MASONIC  TEMPLE. 


64 


GUIDE  TO  RICHMOND,  &c. 


The  Mozart  Association  give  musical  entertainments  at 
their  hall.  A large  and  prosperous  German  Society  own 
Saenger  Halle,  and  have  frequent  reunions  and  musical  en- 
tertainments there.  The  Richmond  Theatre  and  the  Mozart 
Academy  of  Music  are  the  largest  and  best  places  of  amuse- 
ment in  the  city.  The  Young  Men’s  Christian  Association 
have  a library  and  reading-room — the  latter  free  to  the  public. 
The  State  has  a law  library  at  the  Supreme  Court-room,  and 
a general  library  of  40,000  volumes  at  the  Capitol. 

Notable  Industries. — The  house  of  S.  IV.  Travers  & Co, 
is  famous  as  importers  and  manufacturers  of  fertilizers,  and 
their  brands — Orchil  la.  National,  Capital,  and  B B B — are 
widely  known  and  used.  The  general  offices  of  the  firm  are 
at  No.  1321  east  Cary  street 

At  the  Chemical  Works,  whose  enormous  buildings  on  the 
river  bank  near  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  railway  wharves 
have  been  pointed  out,  are  manufactured  some  of  the  impor- 
tant chemicals  used  in  the  preparation  of  Travers  & Com- 
pany’s commercial  fertilizers. 

Visitors  to  Libby  Hill  Park,  Old  Stone  House,  and  the 
Libby  Prison  site  are  in  the  immediate  neighborhood  of  the 
tobacco  factory  of  Camerons  & Sizer,  which  is  located  on 
Twenty-fourth  street,  between  Main  and  Cary,  and  is  one  of 
the  best  equipped  establishments  of  the  kind  in  the  city, 
turning  out  plug,  fine-cut,  smoking  tobacco,  and  cigarettes. 

The  coal  elevator  of  .S’.  H.  Hawes,  on  the  river  bank,  near 
the  ship -locks,  is  the  largest  enterprise  of  that  character  in 
the  South,  and  is  a distributing  point  for  several  States. 

Manchester. — Though  our  work  is  about  Richmond,  it 
would  be  incomplete  wdthout  mention  of  Manchester,  our 
sister  city  just  across  the  James.  It  is  an  ancient  settlement, 
yet  in  its  activity  and  progress  quite  youthful.  Its  population 
is  about  10,000,  and  the  people  are  largely  engaged  in  man- 
ufactures. The  water-power  is  of  great  value,  though  but 
partially  employed.  Here  are  large  flour,  cotton,  paper, 


GUIDE  TO  RICHMOND,  &c. 


65 


tobacco,  wooden-ware,  sumac,  and  brick  manufactories. 
The  large  and  important  railroad  shops  of  the  Danville  and 
Petersburg  railroad  companies  are  located  here. 

Petersburg. — This  city  (population  25,000),  so  often  men- 
tioned in  the  bulletins  of  the  late  war,  is  only  about  twenty- 
two  miles  south  of  Richmond,  and  may  be  reached  by  four 
or  five  trains  a day  on  the  Richmond  and  Petersburg  railroad. 
The  ‘Crater”  battle-field  and  the  old  Blandford  Church  are 
only  two  among  a great  many  inducements  to  visit  the  city. 
The  people  are  noted  for  their  hospitality  to  strangers. 

Down  the  River. — The  James  river  from  Richmond  to 
Newport  News — its  mouth — abounds  in  historic  localities. 
Excursions  from  Richmond  down  to  Dutch  Gap  (fifteen  miles) 
are  frequent,  and  in  that  little  distance  the  following  can  be 
seen  : Powhatan,  seat  of  the  Indian  King  Powhatan ; War- 
wick— now  marked  by  a solitary  chimney — a town  burned  by 
Benedict  Arnold  during  the  Revolution ; piles  where  the 
Confederates  had  their  pontoon  bridges;  Drewry’s  Bluff,  or 
Fort  Darling,  where  the  Union  fleet  was  repulsed  in  May, 
1862,  and  near  which  a desperate  battle  was  fought  two  years 
later;  Fort  Harrison,  carried  by  assault  of  the  Union  troops 
September,  1864,  and  Dutch  Gap  Canal,  begun  by  General 
Benjamin  F.  Butler  in  1864,  and  finished  by  the  United  States 
Government  and  the  city  of  Richmond  since  the  war.  It  is 
five  hundred  feet  long  and  two  hundred  feet  wide,  and 
shortens  the  distance  between  Richmond  and  the  sea  over 
five  miles. 

On  ‘Hhe  island”  or  “cut-off”  is  the  site  of  Henricopolis, 
a city  laid  off  and  fortified  two  hundred  and  fifty  years  ago, 
but  soon  abandoned. 

Two  miles  below  Dutch  Gap  is  Varina,  in  the  early  days 
of  Virginia  history  the  residence  of  Pocahontas  and  her 
English  husband  Rolfe  ; late  the  county-seat  of  Henrico,  and 
burnt  by  Arnold  in  1781,  and  in  the  recent  war  the  neutral 
ground  for  exchange  of  prisoners. 


66 


GUIDE  TO  RICHMOND,  &c. 


Praise  of  Richmond. 

“It  is  the  merriest  place  and  the  most  picturesque  I have 
seen  in  America.  — JV.  M.  Thackery^  in  a letter  hoyne,  March 
3,  1853. 

“This  city  hath  a pleasant  seat.  It  is  high  ; the  James  river 
runs  below  it,  and  when  I went  out  an  hour  ago  nothing  was 
heard  but  the  roar  of  the  falls.’’ — Daniel  Webster^  in  a letter 
to  a friend^  April  29^  1847. 

“I  have  been  treated  with  kindness  in  every  part  of  the 
United  States  where  I have  resided.  But  it  was  in  Rich- 
mond, where  I spent  most  of  the  winters  between  1783  and 
1789,  that  I was  received  with  that  old  proverbial  Virginia 
hospitality  to  which  I know  no  parallel  anywhere  within  the 
circle  of  my  travels.” — Albert  Gallatin^  in  1848. 

“The  town  (Richmond)  is  delightfully  situated  on  eight 
hills,  overhanging  James  river,  a sparkling  stream,  studded 
here  and  there  with  bright  islands,  or  brawling  over  broken 
rocks.” — Charles  Dickens^  in  American  Notes. 

“I  never  met  with  such  an  assemblage  of  striking  and  in- 
teresting objects  as  here.  The  town  dispersed  over  hills 
of  various  shapes ; the  river  descending  from  west  to  east, 
and  obstructed  by  a multitude  of  small  islands,  clumps  of 
trees,  and  myriads  of  rocks — the  same  river,  at  the  lower  end 
of  the  town,  bending  at  right  angles  to  the  south  and  wind- 
ing many  miles  in  that  direction,  its  polished  surface  caught 
here  and  there  by  the  eye,  but  more  frequently  covered  from 
the  view  by  trees,  among  which  white  sails  exhibit  a curious 
and  interesting  spectacle ; then  again,  on  the  opposite  side, 
Manchester,  built  on  a hill,  which  sloping  quickly  to  the 
river  opens  the  whole  town  to  view,  interspersed  with  flour- 
ishing poplars,  and  surrounded  to  a great  distance  by  green 
plains  and  stately  woods, — all  these  objects  falling  at  once 
under  the  eye  constitute  by  far  the  most  finely  varied  and 
most  animated  landscape  I have  ever  seen.” — William  Wirt. 


Confederate  Directory 


■HE  following,  taken  from  an  almanac  of  18G5,  shows 
where  the  chief  offices  of  the  Confederacy  were  : 

The  Treasury  Building*  (formerly  and  now  known 
as  the  Custom  House)  fronts  on  Main  and  Bank 
streets,  midw'ay  between  Tenth  and  Eleventh  streets. 
The  President’s  Office  is  on  the  third  floor  of  Ihis 
building,  first  stairs  to  the  right  of  Bank  street  entrance. 

The  Office  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  is  on  second 
floor,  in  front  part— same  entrance. 

The  Register’s  Office  is  on  same  floor,  right  hand  side  of 
Bank  street  entrance. 

The  Treasurer’s  Office  is  on  first  floor — entrance  from  Main 
street,  opposite  Farmers’  Bank. 

The  First  Auditor’s  Office  is  in  the  Clifton  House,  in  rear 
of  the  Ballard  House. 

The  Second  Auditor’s  Office  is  in  the  building  formerly 
occupied  as  Monumental  Hotel,  corner  of  Grace  and  Ninth 
streets  (now  St.  Claire  Hotel). 

The  Third  Auditor’s  Office  is  in  the  Post-Office  Depart- 
ment, second  floor  (now  Goddin  Hall). 

The  Comptroller’s  Office  is  at  the  comer  of  Main  and  Sixth 
streets  (Arlington  House). 

The  City  Post-Office  is  under  Spotswood  Hocel,  Main 
street  (where  Pace  Block  now  is). 


* The  building  has  been  remodeled  and  enlarged  since  the  war,  yet 
these  general  directions  hold  good. 


68 


GUIDE  TO  RICHMOND,  8ic. 


The  Medical  Purveyor’s  Office  is  on  Pearl  or  Fourteenth 
street,  between  Main  and  Cary. 

The  Department  of  State  is  on  the  third  floor  of  the 
Treasury  Building  (Custom  House) — ascend  by  stairs  nearest 
Main  street. 

The  War  Department  Building  (formerly  known  as 
Mechanics*  Institute)  is  on  Ninth  street,  between  Main  and 
Franklin  streets.  (It  was  burnt  at  the  Evacuation — was  at 
the  west  end  of  Bank  street.) 

The  Secretary  of  War  and  Adjutant-  and  Inspector-Gen- 
eral are  on  the  first  floor  of  the  building.  (See  the  signs.) 

The  Post-Office  Department  is  in  the  stuccoed  building 
(Goddin  Hall),  cojner  Bank  and  Eleventh  streets. 

The  Navy  Department  and  Surgeon-General’s  Office  are 
n War  Department  Building,  second  story,  right-hand  side. 

The  Ordnance  Bureau  and  Attorney-General’s  Office  are 
on  same  floor,  right-hand  side. 

The  Commissary-General’s  Office  is  on  south  side  Main 
street,  between  Ninth  and  Tenth.  (Burnt  at  Evacuation.) 

The  Quartermaster-General’s  Office  is  at  corner  of  Bank 
and  Tenth  streets. 

The  Transportation  Office  is  at  the  corner  of  Broad  and 
Ninth  streets  (“Valentine  House”). 

The  Army  Intelligence  Office  is  over  Bank  of  Virginia, 
Main  street.  (Steam’s  Block  is  on  the  site.) 

General  Gardner’s  Office  is  in  the  frame  building,  at  the 
corner  of  Capitol  and  Tenth  streets.  (Moved  away  to  Navy 
Hill,  where  it  is  now  a school-house.) 

The  Provost  Marshal’s  Office  and  Passport  Office  in  same 
building  corner  Broad  and  Tenth  streets. 

The  Medical  Director’s  Office  is  also  in  the  same  building. 

Lieutenant-General  Ewell’s  Office  (commanding  “Depart- 
ment of  Richmond”),  on  Franklin  street,  between  Sixth  and 
Seventh. 

General  Kemper’s  Office  (commanding  Virginia  Reserves) 


GUIDE  TO  RICHMOND,  &c.  69 

is  in  Female  Institute  building,  on  Tenth,  north  of  Marshall 
street. 

The  War  Tax  Bureau  is  in  the  Richmond  House  (now  St. 
Luke’s  Home — Dr.  Hunter  McGuire’s  hospital).  Governor 
street. 

Persons  are  notified  not  to  enter  any  of  the  offices  without 
addressing  the  messengers.. 

Positively  no  persons,  on  or  without  business,  received  in 
the  offices  after  3 o’clock,  P.  M. 

Volunteers  wishing  to  be  transported  to  their  companies 
can  do  so  by  calling  at  the  Quartermaster’s  Department  in 
the  Blues’  Hall,  on  Bank  street,  between  Ninth  and  Tenth 
streets  (where  R.  and  D.  R.  R.  Offices  now  are). 

The  Government  Offices  open  at  9 A.  M.,  and  close  at  3 
P.  M. 


The  Battle-Fields. 


pORKTOWN  and  Norfolk  having  been  evacuated,  the 
first  real  conflict-at-arms  before  Richmond  was  on  the 
15th  of  May,  1862,  when  the  Union  fleet,  consisting  of 
the  Monitor,  Galena,  Aroostook,  Naugatuck,  Port 
Royal,  and  others,  attacked  the  Confederate  batteries  at 
Drewry’s  Bluff  (Fort  Darling),  and  after  a brief  but 
spirited  contest  was  compelled  to  retire  with  the  loss  of  a 
considerable  number  of  killed  and  wounded,  and  several 
crippled  vessels. 

The  bluff  is  on  the  south  side  of  James  river,  seven  and  a 
half  miles  south  of  the  city,  and  is  reached  by  steamer,  or 
by  vehicles  by  way  of  the  Richmond  and  Petersburg  turn- 
pike. It  was  one  of  the  strongest  positions  on  the  lines 
before  Richmond,  and  defied  to  the  very  last  all  assaults  by 
land  and  water.  Many  of  the  earthworks  are  still  standing, 
partially  veiled  by  trees.  From  this  point  there  is  an  extended 
view  of  the  river,  up  and  down,  of  Chaffin's  Bluff,  on  the 
opposite  side,  which  was  also  a Confederate  stronghold,  and 
of  a portion  of  the  battte-ground  of  May,  1864,  when  Gen- 
eral Butler  tried  to  flank  the  bluff  and  was  met  and  forced 
back  by  Beauregard.  In  the  river  near  here  the  Confederate 
iron-clads  were  blown  up  upon  the  evacuation  of  Richmond. 
Remains  of  the  military  bridges  which  were  built  across  the 
James  by  the  Confederates  are  to  be  seen  at  low  tide.  From 
the  deck  of  a New  York  or  James  river  steamer  excellent 
views  may  be  had. 

Seven  Pines,  or  Fair  Oaks. — [Reached  by  the  Seven  Pines 
railroad  ; depot  at  Twenty-sixth  and  P streets.] — On  the  31st 


GtJIDE  TO  RICHMOND,  &c.  71 

of  May,  1862,  the  Confederates,  under  General  Joseph  E. 
Johnston,  attacked  the  left  wing  of  General  McClellan’s 
army,  which  had  crossed  the  Chickahominy  in  its  advance 
upon  Richmond.  A heavy  rain  had  fallen  and  transformed 
this  usually  insignificant  stream  into  a broad  river.  The 
Confederates  took  advantage  of  the  division  of  the  Union 
forces,  and.  fell  upon  them  with  violence,  and  on  that  day  and 
the  next  the  great  but  indecisive  battle  cf  Seven  Pines,  or  Fair 
Oaks,  was  fought.  On  the  first  day  General  Joseph  E.  John- 
ston was  wounded,  and  two  days  later  General  R.  E.  Lee 
succeeded  to  the  command  of  the  army. 

The  two  armies  in  the  contest  lost,  together,  about  ten 
thousand  men.  The  battle-field  extended  from  Fair  Oaks 
Station,  on  the  Richmond  and  York  River  railroad,  to  a 
locality  on  the  Richmond  and  Williamsburg  stage  road  which 
for  one  hundred  and  fifty  years  has  been  known  as  Seven 
Pines. 

The  railroad  company  is  laying  off  and  beautifying  the 
grounds  as  a park,  and  propose  to  mark  suitably  and  con- 
spicuously the  chief  points  of  interest — the  line  of  battle  of 
the  several  divisions  of  troops,  on  both  sides,  engaged,  the 
places  where  prominent  officers  fell,  and  where  General 
Johnston  and  others  were  wounded,  and  where  the  hardest 
fighting  was  done. 

The  line  of  earthworks  of  the  Federal  forces  is  still  plainly 
visible,  having  been  but  little  disturbed  by  man  or  the  action 
of  time,  and  one  Federal  redoubt  is  particularly  noticeable 
and  interesting,  the  position  of  each  gun  being  plainly  marked 
by  the  ruts,  or  wheel  tracks,  caused  by  the  rebound  from  the 
discharge  of  the  guns — the  earth  at  the  time  being  soft  from 
much  rain. 

The  railroad  traverses  a beautiful  country,  and  passes  the 
“Masonic  Home,”  lately  established  by  the  generosity  of 
Captain  A.  G.  Babcock,  an  ardent  and  prominent  Mason  ; and 
also  passes  the  battle-field,  breastworks  and  redoubts  of  the 


72  GUIDE  TO  RICHMOND,  &c. 

battle  of  Fair  Oaks,  which  was  fought  the  day  after  Seven 
Pines. 

Seven  Pines  is  eight  miles  from  Richmond. 

There  is  a National  Cemetery  near  the  battle-field  and  an- 
other on  the  Williamsburg  road  only  a mile  or  two  from 
Richmond.  There  are  numerous  earthworks  in  this  vicinity 
still  standing. 

Richmond  Just  Before  the  Seven  Days’  Battles.— “The 
merry  month  of  May,  1862,  in  and  around  Richmond  came 
fully  up  to  the  requirements  of  the  poets.  It  was  lovely,  in- 
deed, in  city  and  field.  The  fine  elms  of  the  Capitol  Square 
drooped  their  spring  foliage  over  flashing  fountains,  soft 
sward,  and  walks  thronged  with  fair  women  and  brave  men  ! 
The  gay  bustle  of  military  preparation  brightened  the  streets. 
New  regiments  with  full  ranks  from  the  South  marched  every 
day  through  a gauntlet  of  cheers  and  waving  of  white  hand- 
kerchiefs in  whiter  hands.  Outside  the  city  the  farms,  un- 
dreaming of  devastation,  smiled  with  springing  grain  and 
happy  labor. 

“ ‘ From  his  sweet  banquet,  ’mid  the  perfumed  clover, 

The  robin  soared  and  sung.’ 

“The  people  of  the  beleaguered  city,  on  the  other  hand, 
were  making  little  pleasure  excursions,  on  horseback  or  in 
buggies,  to  the  picket  lines  to  see  McClellan’s  men.  Four 
miles  and  a half  out,  on  Mechanicsville  turnpike,  Cobb’s 
Georgians  supported  the  videttes.  Standing  on  the  brow  of  a 
gentle  slope  and  looking  directly  down  the  road  across  the 
open  valley  of  the  Chickahominy,  you  saw,  at  point-blank 
cannon-shot,  McClellan’s  troops.  A mile  to  the  right,  down 
the  stream,  the  Federal  reconnoitering  balloon  hovered 
calmly  above  the  woods.  Few  troops  were  visible  on  either 
side.  Nothing  suggested  the  presence  of  two  hundred  thou- 
sand soldiers.” 

The  scene  soon  shifted,  and  one  of  the  bloodiest  dramas  in 
the  world’s  history  was  enacted. 


GUIDE  TO  RICHMOND,  &c. 


73 


Mechanicsville. — This  little  village  is  five  and  a half  miles 
northeast  of  Richmond,  and  is  reached  by  a very  straight 
turnpike,  which  leaves  the  city  at  Venable  street.  Here  and 
at  Ellerson’s  Mill,  a short  distance  beyond,  the  seven  days’ 
battles  were  begun,  June  26,  1862.  General  Lee,  by  massing 
his  troops  on  the  right  of  McClellan’s  line,  forced  the  latter 
out  of  his  works,  and  to  the  protection  of  his  gunboats  on 
James  river,  after  fighting  the  battles  of  Mechanicsville, 
Gaines’  Mill,  Cold  Harbor,  Savage’s  Station,  Frazier’s  Farm, 
and  Malvern  Hill.  At  the  last-named  place  the  Confederates 
met  with  a bloody  check,  and  McClellan  was  thereby  enabled 
to  retire  to  Harrison’s  Landing,  farther  down  James  river, 
and  a campaign  in  which  between  30,000  and  40,000  men 
were  killed  or  wounded  was  closed. 

The  drive  to  Mechanicsville  is  pleasant  and  the  road  good. 

The  Chickahominy  is  crossed  five  miles  from  the  city,  and 
at  several  points  traces  of  Confederate  breastworks  may  be 
seen.  Where  the  land  is  valuable  to  the  farmers  they  have 
generally  been  levelled,  but  where  it  is  of  little  use  they  have 
been  allowed  to  stand,  particularly  in  woods  and  swampy 
lands. 

Cold  Harbor. — It  is,  of  course,  not  the  design  of  this  work 
to  include  every  field  of  combat  in  the  neighborhood  of 
Richmond,  for  they  are  numbered  by  dozens,  if  not  by  scores. 
Only  the  chief  ones  can  be  referred  to.  Cold  Harbor  is  en- 
titled to  particular  distinction.  It  is  about  six  miles  below 
Mechanicsville,  and  between  nine  and  ten  from  Richmond  by 
the  most  direct  road.  On  this  field  two  great  battles  were 
fought.  The  first,  June  27,  1862,  when  the  Confederates, 
under  the  two  Hills  and  Longstreet,  attacked  Porter  and 
Slocum,  and  when  Stonewall  Jackson,  in  his  celebrated  flank 
movement  from  the  Valley,  turned  the  scale  of  victory 
against  the  Union  army  ; the  second,  on  June  3,  1864,  when 
Grant,  in  his  movement  down  from  Spotsylvania  Courthouse 
and  the  Wilderness,  was  confronted  by  Lee,  and  attacking 


MAP  OF  THE  BATTLE-FIELDS  AROUND  RICHMOND. 


75 


GUIDE  TO  RICHMOND,  &c. 

the  latter  in  his  entrenchments,  according  to  Swinton,  “lost 
13,000  men  ” in  about  half  an  hour  without  making  a serious 
impression  on  the  Confederates.  In  the  first  battle  the 
heaviest  fighting  was  about  Mr.  George  Watt’s  house,  at 
‘‘Springfield  ” ; in  the  second,  in  the  vicinity  of  Beulah  church 
and  Cold  Harbor  (“  Cool  Arbor”).  After  this  Grant  moved 
on  down  to  James  river  and  crossed  over  in  front  of  Peters- 
burg. 

To  see  this  battle-field  as  it  deserves,  visitors  should  first 
provide  themselves  with  competent  guides,  who  may  be  pro- 
cured by  inquiry  at  the  Richmond  hotels. 

Fort  Harrison,  Malvern  Hill,  Savage’s  Station,  &,c. — Sep- 
tember 29, 1864,  two  divisions  of  Butler’s  corps  surprised  and 
captured  Fort  Harrison  and  attempted  to  carry  Fort  Gilmer, 
adjacent,  but  were  unsuccessful.  On  the  30th  two  Confed- 
erate divisions  endeavored  to  recover  Fort  Harrison,  but 
were  repulsed  with  heavy  loss.  This  battle-ground  may  be 
easily  seen  from  the  deck  of  a steamer  going  up  or  down  the 
river.  So,  too,  the  Malvern  Hill  battle-ground,  which  is 
some  fourteen  or  fifteen  miles  from  Richmond  by  county 
roads. 

Savage’s  Station  is  on  the  Richmond  and  York  River 
railroad,  and  is  therefore  easily  reached.  Here,  on  June 
29th,  1862,  the  Confederates,  under  Magruder,  attacked  the 
Union  troops,  then  retreating  from  Cold  Harbor  to  James 
river,  and  inflicted  upon  them  a heavy  loss. 

The  nearest  approach  of  the  Union  forces  to  Richmond 
before  they  entered  it  was  m March,  1864,  when  Kilpatrick, 
commanding  a raiding  party,  got  near  the  toll-gate  on  the 
Brook  turnpike — a point  only  about  one  mile  north  of  the 
city  limits.  Meeting  with  some  resistance  here,  and  learning 
that  he  would  have  a heavy  battery  to  pass  before  he  got 
into  the  city,  he  retired. 

The  negro  carriage  drivers  are  tolerably  well  posted  in  re- 
gard to  Confederate  localities, 


INDEX 


A brief  introductory  account  of  Richmond 3 

Alms  House 61 

Allan  House  (identified  with  Edgar  Allan  Poe) 46,  47 

Allen  & Ginter  (The)  Branch  of  the  American  Tobacco  Company  . . 16,  45 

Amusements — Places  of 64 

Battle-Fields — Seven  Pines  or  Fair  Oaks,  Meehan icsville,  Ellerson’s 
Mill,  Gaines’  Mill,  Cold  Harbor,  Malvern  Hill,  Fort 

Harrison,  etc 70,  71,  72,  73,  75 

Belle  Isle  and  the  Old  Dominion  Iron  and  Nail  Works 47 

Belt  Line 14 

Branch,  C.  W.  & Co.,  bankers  and  brokers — Office  of 16 

Brown,  J.  Thompson  & Co.,  real  estate  agents  and  dealers — Office  of,  16 

Camerons  & Sizer,  tobacconists 64 

Capitol  and  surroundings 24,  28,  29 

Cemeteries — Hollywood 49 

Jewish 61 

National 62 

Oakwood 40 

Shockoe 61 

Chamber  of  Commerce 19,  22 

Chemical  Works 40 

Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Railway 10, 12,  40,  45 

Chimborazo  Hill  Park 38 

City  Hall 31,  32 

Clay,  Henry — Statue  of 31 

Clubs — List  of 22 

College,  Medical,  of  Virginia 36 

College,  Richmond . 56 

Confederate  Directory  of  1863 67,  68,  69 

Davis  (Jeff)  Mansion 35 

Exposition  Buildings ....  54 

First  African  Church 36 

Franklin-Street  Residences.  . ► 53,  57,  58,  59 

Executive  Mansion 25 

Gamble’s  Hill  Park 47 

Hawes’  Coal  Elevator  ...  16,  64 

Hotels— List  of 22 

Jackson,  Stonewall — Statue  of  in  the  Capitol  Square  27,  28 

James  River — Historic  Points 65 

James  River  Division  of  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Railway  Co.  . . 47 

Jobbing  Trade  of  the  City 8,21 

Johnson,  B.  F.  & Co.,  publishers 16,  40 

Landmarks  of  the  Confederacy 32 

Legislative  Halls • . . . . . 29,  30,  31 

Lee  Monument 54 

Libby  Hill 36 

Libby  Prison  Site 42 


9 


INDEX.  77 

Library — The  State 31 

Library — Virginia  Historical 62 

Locomotive  Works 61 

Manchester • 64 

Manufactures  of  Richmond  and  Manchester 8,  20,  21 

Map  of  Battle-fields  around  Richmond 74 

Marshall,  Chief-Justice — Grave  and  former  home  of 61 

Marshall  Park 36 

Masons'  Hall  and  Masonic  Temple 62 

Mayo  & Brother,  P.  H.  (Incorporated) 16,  46 

Miller,  Joaquin — His  description  of  Richmond 6 

Monumental  Church 36 

Murphy’s  European  Hotel 16,  22 

Old  Stone  House 42,  43 

Old  Dominion  Steamship  Company 14 

Old  St.  John’s  Church 36 

Old  Stove  in  the  Capitol 30 

Pace  Block 45 

Penitentiary  (State’s  prison) 47,  49 

Population  of  Richmond,  Manchester,  and  suburbs  8 

Post-Office  and  Custom  House 44 

Praise  of  Richmond 66 

Property — Value  of,  in  Richmond  and  Manchester 8 

Railroad  Tonnage 22 

Railroads  centering  at  Richmond 9 

Reservoir— New 52 

Reservoir  Park 52 

Reservoir — Old,  or  Marshall 5C 

Richmond  and  Danville  Railroad 14 

Richmond,  Fredericksburg  and  Potomac  Railroad 9, 10, 14,  56 

Richmond  and  West  Point  Terminal  Company 14 

Richmond — Her  location,  water-power,  trade,  advantages,  etc.  . . .18,19 

Richmond  and  Petersburg  Railroad 12 

Soldiers’  Home 52 

Soldiers'  and  Sailors’  Monument  on  Libby  Hill 39 

Spotswood  Hotel — Site  of 45 

Statistics  of  Manufactures,  Commerce,  etc 8,  9 

Statuary — Notable  pieces  in  Richmond 25,  26 

Steamer  Lines 14 

St.  Luke’s  Home . 62 

St.  Paul’s  Church 32 

Street-Car  Routes — Prominent  points  they  pass  ...  16, 17,  18 

Street  Railways 15, 16, 17,  18 

Table  of  Time  and  Distances  from  Richmond  to  many  prominent 

points 15 

Tobacco  Exchange 62 

Trade  Organizations 22 

Travers,  S.  W.,  & Co.,  Fertilizers 64 

Tredegar  Iron  Works 47 

Valentine,  E.  V. — Studios  of 34 

Valentine’s  Meat  Juice  Works 46 

Washington  Monument,  in  the  Capitol  Square 25,  26 

Washington — Statue  of,  by  Houdon 28 

Water-Power 18,  19 

“ White  House  of  the  Confederacy  ” 35 

Williams,  John  L.  & Son,  bankers  and  brokers — Office  of 16 

Y.  M.  C.  A.  Hall 46 


L.  Williams  & o, 

'^O/v 

BANKERS, 


Richmond,  Viroinia. 


HIGH-GRADE 

INVESTMENT  BONDS 

BOUOHT  AND  SOLD. 

LOANS  NEGOTIATED  FOR 

Municipal  and  Railroad  Corporations. 

BILLS  OF  EXCHANGE  and 

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Issued  on  all  the  Principal  Cities  of 

EUROPE,  AND  ON  ASIA,  AFRICA,  AND  SOUTH  AMERICA. 

SpeciilatiYe  aM  Marginal  Acconnts  are  not  desired. 


Our  Manual  of  Investments,  the  largest  work  of  the 
kind  published  by  any  Banking  House  in  America  (406  pp. 
8vo.),  may  be  obtained  by  clients  upon  application  without 
charge. 

“The  most  elaborate  and  handsomest- and  most  useful  work 
treating  upon  Southern  properties  which  ever  came  to  notice.” — 
Boston  Herald.  “It  has  no  equalin  this  country.” — Richmond 
Dispatch, 


|V[Uf^PHV’S  EUROPEfllSl  HoTEU, 

Eighth  and  Broad  Streets, 
RIOHTW^OND.  - :^IRGI1S[IK. 


Having  purchased  the  adjoining  property,  formerly  known  as  the 
“Palace  Hotel,”  and  having  connected  same  with  my  former  Hotel,  I 
shall  conduct  the  two  conjointly  under  the  name  of  MURPHY’S  HOT  EL. 
Both  houses  have  been  thoroughly  renovated  ; each  room  repainted  and 
recarpeted.  The  sanitary  arrangements  have  been  minutely  looked  into 
and  perfected.  All  of  the  Modern  Improvements— Elevators,  Electric 
Call  and  Return  Call  Bells,  Incandescent  Electric  Lights.  Rooms  with 
or  without  Bath,  Suites,  etc. 

Rates  as  reasonable  as  can  be  had  at  any  first-class  hotel.  For  fur- 
ther information  call  on  or  address 

JOHN  MURPHY, 

Owner  and  Proprietor. 

Special  Rates  to  Excursion  Parties. 


Date  Due 


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same. 


THE  Jefferson 


AINSLIE  & WEBSTER, 

Managers. 


PHOTOMOUNT 

PAMPHLET  BINDER 

Manu/aeturtd  by 
GAYLORD  BROS.  I«ic. 
Syr«ci»f«,  N.  Y. 
Siockion,  Calif. 


3 9031 


BOSTON  COLLEGE 


01126790  3 


